标题： 开放边界一维随机动力学中的时间箭头 显示英文标题

标题： Time arrow in open-boundary one-dimensional stochastic dynamics

摘要： 我们考虑一个被限制在一维空间中的单粒子在有限时间步长下的布朗动力学，该系统具有非均匀的温度分布。 在这种开放边界的情况下，无法在非平衡稳态（NESS）中观察到任何净概率流。 另一方面，该系统的非平衡性质通过正向和反向转移概率的不对称性表现出来，这通过本研究中的随机模拟分析和理论论证进行了报道。 不可逆性在温度界面附近尤为明显。 我们提出，观察到的不可逆性可以通过一个虚拟回转场景来解释，而虚拟回转在一条一维坐标上的坍缩导致了概率流的缺失。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We consider the finite-timestep Brownian dynamics of a single particle confined in one dimension, with a nonuniform temperature profile. In such an open-boundary scenario, one cannot observe any net probability current in the nonequilibrium steady state (NESS). On the other hand, the nonequilibrium nature of this system is exhibited through the asymmetry in forward and backward transition probabilities, as is reported in this work through the stochastic simulation analysis and theoretical arguments. The irreversibility becomes prominent nearby the temperature interface. We propose that the observed irreversibility can be accounted for via a virtual-gyration scenario, while the collapse of virtual gyrations upon the one-dimensional coordinate leads to the absence of probability current.