标题： 一个鲁道夫·佩尔斯的惊讶：在固态物理背景下的量子到经典转变 显示英文标题

标题： One Rudolf Peierls' surprise: the quantum-to-classical transition in the context of solid-state physics

摘要： 在固态物理中，有一个未明说（隐含）的假设，即即使晶体晶格具有宏观尺寸，只要保持周期性，布洛赫定理仍然适用。 然而，在实际情况中，周期性势场中的电子构成一个开放的量子系统，并受到退相干和耗散的影响。 一个自然的问题出现：在周期性势场中，电子可以被认为构成有效的封闭量子系统的距离有多远？ 以及退相干的原因是什么？ 为了回答这些问题，重新研究了奥夫钦尼科夫和埃里克曼关于离子运动导致退相干的开创性理论，并纠正了作者的疏漏。 推导出了发生退相干的正确条件。 还计算了离子运动保持相干性的长度尺度。 最后，讨论了一个现实的物理图像。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In solid state physics, it is an unsaid (tacit) assumption that the Bloch theorem is applicable to a crystal lattice even if it is of the macroscopic dimensions, provided periodicity is maintained. However, in a realistic situation, electrons in a periodic potential of ions constitute an open quantum system and are subjected to decoherence and dissipation. A natural question arises: up to what distances electrons in a periodic potential can be considered as constituting an effective closed quantum system? And what is the cause of decoherence? To answer some of these questions, the seminal theory of Ovchinnikov and Erikhman of decoherence due to ionic motion is revisited and an oversight of the authors is corrected. Correct conditions for decoherence to occur are worked out. Length scale up to which the motion of ions remains coherent is also calculated. Finally, a realistic physical picture is discussed.