标题： 四极矩规范理论：反希格斯机制和弹性对偶 显示英文标题

标题： Quadrupole gauge theory: anti-Higgs mechanism and elastic dual

摘要： 受弹性与晶格偶极子规范理论之间对偶性的启发，我们研究了包含四极矩的规范群扩展。令人惊讶的是，我们发现四极对称性的自发破缺会增加无质量激发的数量。这一结果似乎挑战了已建立的范式，根据该范式，规范场通过希格斯机制获得质量，而本应出现的戈德斯通玻色子被赋予质量。我们将这一现象称为反希格斯机制。此外，我们证明了四极规范理论与一种奇特的弹性系统类相对偶，我们称之为不可压缩晶体。在对偶理论中，反希格斯机制对应于从不可压缩晶体态到普通（可压缩）固体的相变。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Motivated by the duality between elasticity and fracton gauge theory, we study an extension of the gauge group that includes the quadrupole moment. Remarkably, we find that spontaneous breaking of the quadrupole symmetry increases the number of massless excitations. This result appears to challenge the well-established paradigm, according to which gauge fields acquire mass through the Higgs mechanism, and the would-be Goldstone bosons are rendered massive. We refer to this phenomenon as the anti-Higgs mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the quadrupole gauge theory is dual to an exotic class of elastic systems, which we dub incompressible crystals. The anti-Higgs mechanism in the dual theory corresponds to a phase transition from the incompressible crystal state to an ordinary (compressible) solid.