标题： 奇克超流体中拓扑缺陷的基布尔-祖雷克动力学与统计$^3$亥膜 显示英文标题

标题： Kibble-Zurek Dynamics & Statistics of Topological Defects in Chiral Superfluid $^3$He Films

摘要： 在平衡状态下，受限的超流体$^3$He-A 薄膜具有手性轴， $\hat{\ell}$，其垂直于薄膜表面。 存在两种简并的基态$\hat{\ell}\;||\pm\hat{z}$。 然而，对于温度淬火，即以有限速率通过相变温度，导致因果不相连的序参量涨落区域发展并演化成一种不均匀的有序相，该相同时包含时间反演手性相之间的域壁以及具有绕数$p\in\mathbb{Z}$的涡旋。 我们基于强耦合$^3$He 的时间依赖广义 Ginzburg-Landau 理论进行了模拟，结果揭示了温度淬火后两种类型的拓扑缺陷都存在。 给出了涡旋与反涡旋以及域壁相互作用的动力学结果。 作为淬火速率函数的涡旋数密度与 Kibble 和 Zurek 预测的标度相符。 我们还给出了数量分布的结果，并与其他理论模型对拓扑缺陷密度的完整计数统计进行了比较。 最后，我们给出了冻结后非等价涡旋核心结构种群的不对称性结果，这种不对称性是手性超流体的特征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In equilibrium, confined films of superfluid $^3$He-A have the chiral axis, $\hat{\ell}$, locked normal to the surface of the film. There are two degenerate ground states $\hat{\ell}\;||\pm\hat{z}$. However, for a temperature quench, i.e. cool down through the phase transition at a finite rate, causally disconnected regions of order parameter fluctuations develop and evolve into an inhomogeneous ordered phase that hosts both domain walls between time-reversed chiral phases as well as vortices with winding numbers $p\in\mathbb{Z}$. We present simulations based on a time-dependent generalization of Ginzburg-Landau theory for strong-coupling $^3$He that reveal both types of topological defects to be present following the temperature quench. Results for the dynamics of vortices interacting with anti-vortices as well as domain walls are presented. The vortex number density as a function of quench rate agrees well with the scaling predicted by Kibble and Zurek. We also present results for the number distribution and compare with other theoretical models for full counting statistics of the topological defect density. Finally, we present results for an asymmetry in the post-freeze-out populations of inequivalent vortex core structures that are characteristic of a chiral superfluid.