标题： 医学图像合成的临床评估：无线胶囊内镜案例研究 显示英文标题

标题： Clinical Evaluation of Medical Image Synthesis: A Case Study in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

摘要： 基于人工智能（AI）的合成数据生成（SDG）可以通过克服目前使临床数据共享困难的隐私障碍，改变临床医学的交付方式。 这是加速开发有助于提高患者安全性的数字工具的关键。 此类工具包括强大的数据驱动的临床决策支持系统，以及基于示例的数字培训工具，这些工具将使医疗专业人员提高其诊断能力，从而提高患者安全。 本研究聚焦于医学SDG的临床评估，对使用无线胶囊内镜（WCE）图像诊断炎症性肠病（IBD）进行了概念验证研究。 其科学贡献包括 a) 一种用于系统临床评估医学图像合成（CEMIS）的新协议；b) 一种基于变分自编码器的模型，用于生成高分辨率的合成WCE图像；c) 通过10位国际WCE专家使用CEMIS协议对合成图像进行全面评估，包括图像质量、多样性及真实感，以及它们在临床决策中的实用性。 结果表明，TIDE-II生成的WCE图像具有临床合理性，非常逼真，其质量优于相关最先进的生成模型。 总之，CEMIS可以作为未来医学图像生成技术研究的参考，而将TIDE-II架构适应/扩展到其他成像领域可能前景广阔。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Synthetic Data Generation (SDG) based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) can transform the way clinical medicine is delivered by overcoming privacy barriers that currently render clinical data sharing difficult. This is the key to accelerating the development of digital tools contributing to enhanced patient safety. Such tools include robust data-driven clinical decision support systems, and example-based digital training tools that will enable healthcare professionals to improve their diagnostic performance for enhanced patient safety. This study focuses on the clinical evaluation of medical SDG, with a proof-of-concept investigation on diagnosing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) using Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) images. Its scientific contributions include a) a novel protocol for the systematic Clinical Evaluation of Medical Image Synthesis (CEMIS); b) a novel variational autoencoder-based model for the generation of high-resolution synthetic WCE images; and c) a comprehensive evaluation of the synthetic images using the CEMIS protocol by 10 international WCE specialists, in terms of image quality, diversity, and realism, as well as their utility for clinical decision-making. The results show that TIDE-II generates clinically plausible, very realistic WCE images, of improved quality compared to relevant state-of-the-art generative models. Concludingly, CEMIS can serve as a reference for future research on medical image-generation techniques, while the adaptation/extension of the architecture of TIDE-II to other imaging domains can be promising.