标题： 一种多层级策略用于欧盟法规下的深度伪造内容审核 显示英文标题

标题： A Multi-Level Strategy for Deepfake Content Moderation under EU Regulation

摘要： 深度伪造技术的日益普及和使用，增加了民主社会的风险，例如，在线平台上的政治传播。 欧盟通过为人工智能（AI）系统和在线平台的提供者和部署者施加透明度义务作出回应。 这包括在生成时标记深度伪造内容，并在共享时对深度伪造内容进行标注。 然而，行业标准和执行标准的缺乏构成了持续的挑战。 通过多视角的文献综述，我们总结了标记、检测和标注深度伪造的方法，并评估了它们在欧盟法规下的有效性。 我们的结果表明，单独的方法无法满足监管和实际要求。 因此，我们提出了一种结合现有方法优势的多层次策略。 为了应对在线平台上大量的内容，我们的多层次策略通过一种简单的评分机制提供了可扩展性和实用性。 同时，它不依赖于深度伪造技术的类型，并允许进行特定上下文的风险加权。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The growing availability and use of deepfake technologies increases risks for democratic societies, e.g., for political communication on online platforms. The EU has responded with transparency obligations for providers and deployers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and online platforms. This includes marking deepfakes during generation and labeling deepfakes when they are shared. However, the lack of industry and enforcement standards poses an ongoing challenge. Through a multivocal literature review, we summarize methods for marking, detecting, and labeling deepfakes and assess their effectiveness under EU regulation. Our results indicate that individual methods fail to meet regulatory and practical requirements. Therefore, we propose a multi-level strategy combining the strengths of existing methods. To account for the masses of content on online platforms, our multi-level strategy provides scalability and practicality via a simple scoring mechanism. At the same time, it is agnostic to types of deepfake technology and allows for context-specific risk weighting.