标题： 硬壳，可靠核心：通过选择性混合提高复制系统中的弹性 显示英文标题

标题： Hard Shell, Reliable Core: Improving Resilience in Replicated Systems with Selective Hybridization

摘要： 混合故障模型已被证明是增强基于共识的复制系统鲁棒性的一种有效方法。 然而，现有的混合方法在崩溃容错和拜占庭容错系统部分的组合方面存在灵活性受限的问题，或者与显著的多样化开销相关。 在本文中，我们通过ShellFT框架解决这些问题，该框架利用微复制的概念，使系统设计者能够自由选择需要抵御拜占庭故障的复制逻辑部分。 作为主要优势，这种选择性混合使得开发针对特定用例的特性和需求的混合解决方案成为可能。 为了说明这种灵活性，我们提出了三种自定义的ShellFT协议，并分析了它们的实现复杂度。 我们的评估表明，与传统的混合方法相比，ShellFT能够将多样化成本降低70%以上。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Hybrid fault models are known to be an effective means for enhancing the robustness of consensus-based replicated systems. However, existing hybridization approaches suffer from limited flexibility with regard to the composition of crash-tolerant and Byzantine fault-tolerant system parts and/or are associated with a significant diversification overhead. In this paper we address these issues with ShellFT, a framework that leverages the concept of micro replication to allow system designers to freely choose the parts of the replication logic that need to be resilient against Byzantine faults. As a key benefit, such a selective hybridization makes it possible to develop hybrid solutions that are tailored to the specific characteristics and requirements of individual use cases. To illustrate this flexibility, we present three custom ShellFT protocols and analyze the complexity of their implementations. Our evaluation shows that compared with traditional hybridization approaches, ShellFT is able to decrease diversification costs by more than 70%.