标题： 范围与屏幕的结合：在不同技能水平的射击训练中设计复合可视化效果的经验教训 显示英文标题

标题： Scope Meets Screen: Lessons Learned in Designing Composite Visualizations for Marksmanship Training Across Skill Levels

摘要： 射击技能训练在各种职业中都是必需的，包括警察、军人、猎人以及射击运动员，如奥运会射击、冬季两项和现代五项运动。当前的训练和指导形式主要基于重复练习，教练无法通过射手的眼睛看到情况，分析仅限于课后姿势和准确性。在本研究中，我们提出了一种射击可视化系统，并评估了其对新手和专家射手的感知效果。为此，利用第一人称射击视频记录开发了五个综合可视化界面，这些视频记录中叠加了度量指标和图形摘要。这些视图通过混合方法研究进行了评估，包括射击次数和瞄准解释任务、成对偏好比较以及半结构化访谈，共有10名参与者（5名专家射手，5名新手）参与。结果表明，在10次案例中有9次更喜欢仪表盘风格的综合视图，该视图结合了原始视频、极坐标图和选定的图表，并支持不同技能水平的理解。从这项设计研究中获得的见解表明，将第一人称视频与可视化分析相结合具有更广泛的价值，我们建议将这种方法应用于其他以精准度为基础的运动。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Marksmanship practices are required in various professions, including police, military personnel, hunters, as well as sports shooters, such as Olympic shooting, biathlon, and modern pentathlon. The current form of training and coaching is mostly based on repetition, where the coach does not see through the eyes of the shooter, and analysis is limited to stance and accuracy post-session. In this study, we present a shooting visualization system and evaluate its perceived effectiveness for both novice and expert shooters. To achieve this, five composite visualizations were developed using first-person shooting video recordings enriched with overlaid metrics and graphical summaries. These views were evaluated with 10 participants (5 expert marksmen, 5 novices) through a mixed-methods study including shot-count and aiming interpretation tasks, pairwise preference comparisons, and semi-structured interviews. The results show that a dashboard-style composite view, combining raw video with a polar plot and selected graphs, was preferred in 9 of 10 cases and supported understanding across skill levels. The insights gained from this design study point to the broader value of integrating first-person video with visual analytics for coaching, and we suggest directions for applying this approach to other precision-based sports.