标题： 关于集成O-RAN使能的非地面网络中的架构分割和无线智能控制器部署 显示英文标题

标题： On the Architectural Split and Radio Intelligence Controller Placement in Integrated O-RAN-enabled Non-Terrestrial Networks

摘要： 将地面网络（TNs）与非地面网络（NTNs）集成，由于异构传播条件、动态拓扑和有限的星上处理能力，带来了独特的架构和功能挑战。本文研究了与O-RAN原则一致的未来集成TN-NTN系统的架构和功能分割策略。提出了一种分割选项的分类方法，该方法在卫星和地面节点之间分配无线接入网（RAN）和核心功能，并分析了性能、时延、自主性和部署方面的权衡。特别是，我们评估了从纯星上DU部署到将完整gNB和UPF集成到卫星的各种配置，包括基于星内和星间处理的变体。此外，讨论了近实时和非实时RAN智能控制器（RICs）的部署位置，提出了空间与地面之间的灵活分割策略，以优化控制环路的性能和可扩展性。提供了架构分割与RIC部署选项之间的全面映射，强调了实施约束和互操作性考虑。本文最后指出了关键挑战，并概述了未来方向，以在O-RAN背景下实现标准化、模块化和高效的TN-NTN融合。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The integration of Terrestrial Networks (TNs) with Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) poses unique architectural and functional challenges due to heterogeneous propagation conditions, dynamic topologies and limited on-board processing capabilities. This paper examines architectural and functional split strategies that are consistent with O-RAN principles for future integrated TN-NTN systems. A taxonomy of split options is proposed that distributes RAN and core functions between satellites and ground nodes, and trade-offs in terms of performance, latency, autonomy and deployment are analysed. In particular, we evaluate configurations ranging from pure on-board DU deployments to full gNB and UPF integration into satellites, including variations based on intra- and inter-satellite processing. In addition, the placement of Near-RT and Non-RT RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) is discussed, proposing flexible split strategies between space and ground to optimise the performance and scalability of the control loop. A comprehensive mapping between architectural splits and RIC placement options is provided, emphasising implementation constraints and interoperability considerations. The paper concludes by identifying key challenges and outlining future directions to enable standardised, modular and efficient TN-NTN convergence in the context of the O-RAN.