标题： 提示工程在需求工程中的应用：文献综述与路线图 显示英文标题

标题： Prompt Engineering for Requirements Engineering: A Literature Review and Roadmap

摘要： 大型语言模型（LLMs）的进步促使了提示工程（PE）技术的激增，这些技术可以增强各种需求工程（RE）任务。 然而，当前的LLMs通常表现出显著的不确定性以及缺乏可控性。 这种对如何有效提示LLMs缺乏明确指导的情况，成为其在RE领域可信实施的障碍。 我们提出了第一个面向路线图的需求工程提示工程（PE4RE）系统文献综述。 遵循Kitchenham和Petersen的二次研究协议，我们搜索了六个数字图书馆，筛选了867条记录，并分析了35篇原始研究。 为了对碎片化的现状进行整理，我们提出了一种混合分类法，将技术导向的模式（例如，少样本、思维链）与任务导向的RE角色（获取、验证、可追溯性）联系起来。 两个研究问题，包含五个子问题，映射了所处理的任务、使用的LLM家族以及采用的提示类型，并揭示了当前的局限性和研究空白。 最后，我们概述了一个逐步的路线图，展示了当今的临时PE原型如何演变为可重复、用户友好的工作流程。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to a surge of prompt engineering (PE) techniques that can enhance various requirements engineering (RE) tasks. However, current LLMs are often characterized by significant uncertainty and a lack of controllability. This absence of clear guidance on how to effectively prompt LLMs acts as a barrier to their trustworthy implementation in the RE field. We present the first roadmap-oriented systematic literature review of Prompt Engineering for RE (PE4RE). Following Kitchenham's and Petersen's secondary-study protocol, we searched six digital libraries, screened 867 records, and analyzed 35 primary studies. To bring order to a fragmented landscape, we propose a hybrid taxonomy that links technique-oriented patterns (e.g., few-shot, Chain-of-Thought) to task-oriented RE roles (elicitation, validation, traceability). Two research questions, with five sub-questions, map the tasks addressed, LLM families used, and prompt types adopted, and expose current limitations and research gaps. Finally, we outline a step-by-step roadmap showing how today's ad-hoc PE prototypes can evolve into reproducible, practitioner-friendly workflows.