标题： 关于教授及其研究的新事实和数据 显示英文标题

标题： New Facts and Data about Professors and their Research

摘要： 我们对美国大约150所研究型高等教育机构的教授进行了一项新的调查。 我们记录了研究活跃的教授在薪酬、时间分配以及他们对研究追求的看法方面的七个新特征：（1）同一领域内的收入不平等程度高于不同领域之间的不平等程度；（2）机构、职称、任务和收入来源可以解释总收入变化的大约一半；（3）不同领域中收入与不同类型的研究成果之间的相关性存在显著差异，但这些相关性仅解释了很小一部分收入变化； （4）以每年产出量还是每研究小时产出量来衡量教授的生产力，可能会产生显著差异；（5）教授们对其研究风险性的看法最好由其筹资强度、个人生活中的风险厌恶程度以及其研究涉及生成新假设的程度来预测；（6）年长和年轻教授的研究成果和时间分配差异很大，但他们的目标受众却非常相似；（7）个人的风险承担行为高度预测了教授对应用型、具有商业相关性的研究的倾向。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We introduce a new survey of professors at roughly 150 of the most research-intensive institutions of higher education in the US. We document seven new features of how research-active professors are compensated, how they spend their time, and how they perceive their research pursuits: (1) there is more inequality in earnings within fields than there is across fields; (2) institutions, ranks, tasks, and sources of earnings can account for roughly half of the total variation in earnings; (3) there is significant variation across fields in the correlations between earnings and different kinds of research output, but these account for a small amount of earnings variation; (4) measuring professors' productivity in terms of output-per-year versus output-per-research-hour can yield substantial differences; (5) professors' beliefs about the riskiness of their research are best predicted by their fundraising intensity, their risk-aversion in their personal lives, and the degree to which their research involves generating new hypotheses; (6) older and younger professors have very different research outputs and time allocations, but their intended audiences are quite similar; (7) personal risk-taking is highly predictive of professors' orientation towards applied, commercially-relevant research.