标题： 国家和区域层面的经济复杂性与不平等 显示英文标题

标题： Economic complexity and inequality at the national and regional level

摘要： 最近的研究发现了经济复杂性与国家层面不平等之间的负相关关系。 此外，有证据表明，复杂的经济体往往外包那些不太理想的产物（例如，在工资和不平等效应方面），并专注于需要技能劳动力网络和更具包容性制度的复杂产品。 然而，在粗略尺度上经济复杂性与不平等之间的负相关可能掩盖了在更细致层次上的重要动态。 复杂的经济活动难以发展，并倾向于空间集中，导致“赢家通吃”的效应，从而在国家内引发区域不平等。 大型复杂城市往往吸引高技能和低技能的活动和工人，并且与更高的层级、竞争和技能溢价有关。 因此，在区域尺度上，复杂性与不平等之间的关联会发生逆转；换句话说，更复杂的地区往往更加不平等。 极化理论、制度变化和城市规模文献中的观点有助于理解这一悖论，而经济复杂性和相关性领域的新的方法有助于识别包容性增长的约束和机遇。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent studies have found evidence of a negative association between economic complexity and inequality at the country level. Moreover, evidence suggests that sophisticated economies tend to outsource products that are less desirable (e.g. in terms of wage and inequality effects), and instead focus on complex products requiring networks of skilled labor and more inclusive institutions. Yet the negative association between economic complexity and inequality on a coarse scale could hide important dynamics at a fine-grained level. Complex economic activities are difficult to develop and tend to concentrate spatially, leading to 'winner-take-most' effects that spur regional inequality in countries. Large, complex cities tend to attract both high- and low-skills activities and workers, and are also associated with higher levels of hierarchies, competition, and skill premiums. As a result, the association between complexity and inequality reverses at regional scales; in other words, more complex regions tend to be more unequal. Ideas from polarization theories, institutional changes, and urban scaling literature can help to understand this paradox, while new methods from economic complexity and relatedness can help identify inclusive growth constraints and opportunities.