标题： 新冠疫情对美国各行业牛鞭效应的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Impact of COVID-19 on The Bullwhip Effect Across U.S. Industries

摘要： 牛鞭效应，描述了需求波动沿着供应链向上放大的现象，在供应链管理中带来了重大挑战。 本研究通过广泛使用行业层面的数据，探讨了新冠疫情如何加剧美国各行业的牛鞭效应。 通过聚焦制造业、零售业和批发商部门，研究探索了外部冲击如何加剧这一现象。 采用传统和先进的实证技术分析表明，新冠疫情显著放大了牛鞭效应，不同行业对外部冲击表现出不同的反应。 这些差异表明供应链结构在减轻或加剧该效应方面起着关键作用。 通过对疫情期间动态的分析，本研究为在全球性中断情况下管理供应链提供了宝贵的见解，并强调了根据行业特定特征定制策略的重要性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Bullwhip Effect, describing the amplification of demand variability up the supply chain, poses significant challenges in Supply Chain Management. This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic intensified the Bullwhip Effect across U.S. industries, using extensive industry-level data. By focusing on the manufacturing, retailer, and wholesaler sectors, the research explores how external shocks exacerbate this phenomenon. Employing both traditional and advanced empirical techniques, the analysis reveals that COVID-19 significantly amplified the Bullwhip Effect, with industries displaying varied responses to the same external shock. These differences suggest that supply chain structures play a critical role in either mitigating or intensifying the effect. By analyzing the dynamics during the pandemic, this study provides valuable insights into managing supply chains under global disruptions and highlights the importance of tailoring strategies to industry-specific characteristics.