标题： 通过按需共享出行实现的可及性提升量化 显示英文标题

标题： Quantifying the Improvement of Accessibility achieved via Shared Mobility on Demand

摘要： 共享出行服务（SMS），例如按需交通或拼车，可以改善低密度地区的交通状况，这些地区通常由传统公共交通（PT）服务不足。 这种改善通常通过基本性能指标来衡量，例如等待时间或行程时间。 然而，这些基本指标没有考虑到SMS对地区最重要的贡献，即增加用户到达周围机会（如工作、学校、企业等）的潜力。 这种潜力可以通过基于等时线的可达性指标来衡量，这些指标计算在有限时间内可到达的机会数量，因此对公众来说很容易理解。 % SMS对可达性的影响已被定性讨论，关于公平性的含义也已通过实证研究进行了探讨。 然而，到目前为止，还没有定量方法来计算通过SMS实现的基于等时线的可达性指标。 本研究通过提出一种首次计算由传统PT和SMS组成的PT系统等时线可达性的方法来填补这一空白，该系统作为进出PT枢纽的接驳交通。 该方法基于空间时间统计分析，通过克里金法进行。 它以观察到的SMS行程作为输入，并将其汇总为一个图。 在该图上，计算等时线可达性指标。 我们将所提出的方法应用于一个关于将按需交通整合到PT中的MATSim模拟研究，在巴黎-萨克雷郊区进行。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Shared Mobility Services (SMS), e.g., demand-responsive transport or ride-sharing, can improve mobility in low-density areas, which are often poorly served by conventional Public Transport (PT). Such improvement is generally measured via basic performance indicators, such as waiting or travel time. However, such basic indicators do not account for the most important contribution that SMS can provide to territories, i.e., increasing the potential, for users, to reach surrounding opportunities, such as jobs, schools, businesses, etc. Such potential can be measured by isochrone-based accessibility indicators, which count the number of opportunities reachable in a limited time, and are thus easy for the public to understand. % The potential impact of SMS on accessibility has been qualitatively discussed and implications on equity have been empirically studied. However, to date, there are no quantitative methods to compute isochrone-based indicators of the accessibility achieved via SMS. This work fills this gap by proposing a first method to compute isochrone accessibility of PT systems composed of conventional PT and SMS, acting as a feeder for access and egress trips to/from PT hubs. This method is grounded on spatial-temporal statistical analysis, performed via Kriging. It takes as input observed trips of SMS and summarizes them in a graph. On such a graph, isochrone accessibility indicators are computed. We apply the proposed method to a MATSim simulation study concerning demand-responsive transport integrated into PT, in the suburban area of Paris-Saclay.