标题： 实时、单耳、可穿戴心电图重构、R波峰值检测及心率/心率变异性监测 显示英文标题

标题： Real-Time, Single-Ear, Wearable ECG Reconstruction, R-Peak Detection, and HR/HRV Monitoring

摘要： 生物信号监测，特别是通过心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）跟踪来监测心脏活动，在实现生理和认知状态的连续、无创跟踪方面至关重要。最近的研究探索了紧凑型头戴设备以改善HR和HRV监测的可用性并减少污名。然而，这种方法受到当前依赖湿电极的限制，这降低了可用性；耳部衍生信号的弱强度使得HR/HRV提取更加复杂；并且目前的算法与嵌入式部署不兼容。本研究介绍了一种用于实时ECG（心电图）参数估计的单耳可穿戴系统，该系统直接运行在BioGAP上，这是一种用于生物信号采集和处理的低功耗设备。通过结合耳内电极技术、优化后的DeepMF算法和BioGAP，我们提出了一种独立于受试者的方案，允许在设备上直接且稳健地提取HR/HRV参数，每次推断仅消耗36.7微焦耳，并且性能与当前最先进的架构相当，分别实现了0.49 bpm和25.82 ms的HR/HRV平均误差，同时估算电池寿命为36小时，整个系统的功率消耗为7.6毫瓦。临床相关性：重建ECG信号并提取HR和HRV为使用头戴设备进行连续、无创的心血管监测铺平了道路。特别是在日常使用设备（如耳机）中整合心血管测量具有潜力，能够在家中持续监测以实现早期检测心血管异常。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Biosignal monitoring, in particular heart activity through heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) tracking, is vital in enabling continuous, non-invasive tracking of physiological and cognitive states. Recent studies have explored compact, head-worn devices for HR and HRV monitoring to improve usability and reduce stigma. However, this approach is challenged by the current reliance on wet electrodes, which limits usability, the weakness of ear-derived signals, making HR/HRV extraction more complex, and the incompatibility of current algorithms for embedded deployment. This work introduces a single-ear wearable system for real-time ECG (Electrocardiogram) parameter estimation, which directly runs on BioGAP, an energy-efficient device for biosignal acquisition and processing. By combining SoA in-ear electrode technology, an optimized DeepMF algorithm, and BioGAP, our proposed subject-independent approach allows for robust extraction of HR/HRV parameters directly on the device with just 36.7 uJ/inference at comparable performance with respect to the current state-of-the-art architecture, achieving 0.49 bpm and 25.82 ms for HR/HRV mean errors, respectively and an estimated battery life of 36h with a total system power consumption of 7.6 mW. Clinical relevance: The ability to reconstruct ECG signals and extract HR and HRV paves the way for continuous, unobtrusive cardiovascular monitoring with head-worn devices. In particular, the integration of cardiovascular measurements in everyday-use devices (such as earbuds) has potential in continuous at-home monitoring to enable early detection of cardiovascular irregularities.