标题： 一个双能级原子在平面介质系统中非热平衡状态下的热化 显示英文标题

标题： The thermalization of a two-level atom in a planar dielectric system out of thermal equilibrium

摘要： 我们研究了一个由两能级原子模型表示的量子系统在与非热平衡下的静态电磁场相互作用时的热化过程，该原子靠近一个介质板。该板的温度与原子所在区域的温度不同。我们发现，当板是一种非吸收性和非色散性的有限厚度介质$ d$时，在原子热化方面不会出现非热平衡效应，而具有相对介电常数中极小虚部的有限厚度介质板$\operatorname{Im} \epsilon$表现出类似于半空间介质基底的行为，如果满足$\frac{\operatorname{Im} \epsilon}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Re}\epsilon-1}} \frac{d}{\lambda_0} > 1$，其中$\lambda_0$是原子的跃迁波长。这一条件可以作为实验验证的指导，使用有限厚度的介质基底来验证由半空间（无限厚度）介质引起的非热平衡涨落效应。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We study the thermalization of an elementary quantum system modeled by a two-level atom interacting with stationary electromagnetic fields out of thermal equilibrium near a dielectric slab. The slab is held at a temperature different from that of the region where the atom is located. We find that when the slab is a nonabsorbing and nondispersive dielectric of a finite thickness $ d$, no out of thermal equilibrium effects appear as far as the thermalization of the atom is concerned, and a finite thick dielectric slab with a tiny imaginary part in the relative permittivity $\operatorname{Im} \epsilon$ behaves like a half space dielectric substrate if $\frac{\operatorname{Im} \epsilon}{\sqrt{\operatorname{Re}\epsilon-1}} \frac{d}{\lambda_0} > 1$ is satisfied, where $\lambda_0$ is the transition wavelength of the atom. This condition can serve as a guide for an experimental verification, using a dielectric substrate of a finite thickness, of the effects that arise from out of thermal equilibrium fluctuations with a half-space (infinite thickness) dielectric.