标题： 强大的射电源作为黑洞物理的探针 显示英文标题

标题： Powerful Radio Sources as Probes of Black Hole Physics

摘要： 对于其定向动能的光度已通过经验确定、且不依赖于假设的强喷流射电源被考虑。 在详细宇宙学研究的背景下确定的每个源的总流出寿命仅取决于定向动能的光度（$L$）。 $L$、总流出寿命和总流出能量的分布各自都有广泛的值范围，超大质量黑洞质量也是如此。 相对于黑洞质量的总流出能量是一个数值较小且离散度也较小的量。 考虑了这些显著结果的三种解释。 这可能表明（1）在流出事件期间，黑洞不可约质量增加的效率以及自转质量能量提取的效率，（2）两个超大质量黑洞的合并发生在与独立确定的流出寿命时间尺度相当的时间尺度上，并且这些合并导致低频引力波背景的产生，或者（3）由于注入到周围介质中的能量，反馈会关闭黑洞吸积。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Powerful jetted radio sources for which the luminosity in directed kinetic energy has been empirically determined, independent of assumptions, are considered. The total outflow lifetime of each source determined in the context of detailed cosmological studies was found to depend only upon the luminosity in directed kinetic energy ($L$). The distributions of $L$, total outflow lifetime, and total outflow energy each have a broad range of values, as do the supermassive black hole masses. The total outflow energy relative to the black hole mass is a small number with a small dispersion. Three explanations of these remarkable results are considered. This could indicate (1) the efficiencies with which black hole irreducible mass is increased and spin mass energy is extracted during the outflow event, (2) that the merger of two supermassive black holes occurs over a timescale commensurate with the independently determined outflow lifetime and that these mergers lead to the production of the low-frequency gravitational wave background, or (3) that feedback shuts off black hole accretion due to energy injected into the ambient medium.