标题： 从先驱者10/11号中学到的经验用于测试先驱者异常的任务 显示英文标题

标题： Lessons Learned from the Pioneers 10/11 for a Mission to Test the Pioneer Anomaly

摘要： 对距离太阳20至70天文单位（AU）的先驱者10/11航天器的射电跟踪数据的分析一直表明存在一个异常的、微小的、恒定的多普勒频率漂移。该漂移为蓝移，以速率a_t = (2.92 +/- 0.44) x 10^(-18) s/s^2 均匀变化。它也可以解释为一个指向太阳的恒定加速度a_P = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^(-8) cm/s^2。尽管有人怀疑该效应有系统性来源，但尚未找到。因此，该异常的性质引起了越来越多的关注。在这里，我们讨论了我们最近的研究细节，重点是航天器外部和内部的影响，以及建模和计算技术引起的影响。我们回顾了一些用于解释该异常的机制，并展示了它们无法解释该异常的观察行为。我们还介绍了从这次调查中获得的经验教训，这些经验教训将用于潜在的深空实验，该实验将揭示已发现异常的起源，并以至少比异常大小低两个数量级的精度来表征其特性。列出了此类任务的一些关键要求和设计考虑因素。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Analysis of the radio-metric tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft at distances between 20--70 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous, small, constant Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue-shift, uniformly changing with rate a_t = (2.92 +/- 0.44) x 10^(-18) s/s^2. It can also be interpreted as a constant acceleration of a_P = (8.74 +/- 1.33) x 10^(-8) cm/s^2 directed towards the Sun. Although it is suspected that there is a systematic origin to the effect, none has been found. As a result, the nature of this anomaly has become of growing interest. Here we discuss the details of our recent investigation focusing on the effects both external to and internal to the spacecraft, as well as those due to modeling and computational techniques. We review some of the mechanisms proposed to explain the anomaly and show their inability to account for the observed behavior of the anomaly. We also present lessons learned from this investigation for a potential deep-space experiment that will reveal the origin of the discovered anomaly and also will characterize its properties with an accuracy of at least two orders of magnitude below the anomaly's size. A number of critical requirements and design considerations for such a mission are outlined and addressed.