标题： 利用连续引力波限制旋转变形的银河系致密天体丰度 显示英文标题

标题： Constraining the abundance of spinning deformed Galactic compact objects with continuous gravitational waves

摘要： 具有非零椭率的星系自转致密天体（COs）被认为是连续引力波（CGWs）的潜在源。某些假想的COs类，例如具有夸克核的中子星（混合星）和夸克星，被认为能够从理论上维持较大的椭率。这些具有大椭率的奇异COs（eCOs）应该会产生能够被当前LIGO-Virgo-Kagra引力波探测器网络检测到的CGWs。由于迄今为止尚未报告在LIGO-Virgo数据中搜索CGWs的任何检测结果，我们对银河系内高椭率eCOs的数量进行了限制。我们制定了一个贝叶斯框架来对高度变形的银河系eCOs数量计数$N_{tot}$上限进行约束。我们将限制分为两类：一类是“agnostic”类型的上限$N_{tot}$，其基于CGW频率和椭率网格计算，仅依赖于COs的空间分布选择；另一类是模型相关的，此外还假设了频率分布的先验信息。我们发现，椭率$\epsilon \gtrsim 10^{-5}$的COs在$90\%$置信度下的丰度上限为$N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 100$，而椭率$\epsilon \gtrsim 10^{-6}$的COs则有$N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 10^4$。 我们还根据空间分布的选择，针对不同的丰度$N_{tot}$，对银河系星团的椭率给出了上限。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Galactic spinning compact objects (COs) with non-zero ellipticity are expected to be sources of continuous gravitational waves (CGWs). Certain classes of hypothetical COs, such as neutron stars with quark cores (hybrid stars), and quark stars, are thought to be capable of sustaining large ellipticities from theoretical considerations. Such exotic COs (eCOs) with large ellipticities should produce CGWs detectable by the current LIGO-Virgo-Kagra GW detector network. Since no detections for CGWs, from searches in LIGO-Virgo data, have so far been reported, we place constraints on the abundance of highly elliptical eCOs in our Galaxy. We formulate a Bayesian framework to place upper limits on the number count $N_{tot}$ of highly deformed Galactic eCOs. We divide our constraints into two classes: an "agnostic" set of upper limits on $N_{tot}$ evaluated on a CGW frequency and ellipticity grid that depend only on the choice of spatial distribution of COs; and a model-dependent set that additionally assumes prior information on the distribution of frequencies. We find that COs with ellipticities $\epsilon \gtrsim 10^{-5}$ have abundance upper limits at $90\%$ confidence, of $N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 100$, and those with $\epsilon \gtrsim 10^{-6}$ have $N_{tot}^{90\%} \lesssim 10^4$. We additionally place upper-limits on the ellipticity of Galactic COs informed by our choices of spatial distributions, given different abundances $N_{tot}$.