标题： 用简并模态增强暗光子哈洛斯科普灵敏度：向轴子级形式因子和极化确定迈进 显示英文标题

标题： Enhancement of dark-photon haloscope sensitivity with degenerate modes: toward axion-level form factor and polarization determination

摘要： 暗光子被提出作为暗物质的潜在组成部分，表现出与轴子显著的相似性。 这两种粒子之间的主要区别在于它们各自场的性质：暗光子场是一个矢量场，其极化方向尚未确定。 本工作探讨了利用三个简并模式来扫描空间的三个维度，以减轻由于暗光子极化未知而预期检测中出现的低形式因子。 本文展示了使用具有三个正交且简并模式的谐振腔，并结合信号的相干求和，以将暗光子的形式因子增强到轴子的形式因子，并确定暗光子极化矢量的方向。 我们在本文中表明，在考虑引入调谐元件的情况下，立方体、球体和圆柱体几何形状的腔体可以达到最大的形式因子。 为了充分实现这一点，必须满足本文中回顾的一些条件，这会导致最终测量中的不确定性。 最后，这种技术可以同时搜索暗物质轴子和暗光子，据作者所知，本文展示的方法是利用微波谐振腔检测暗光子最有效的方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The dark photon has been postulated as a potential constituent of dark matter, exhibiting notable similarities to the axion. The primary distinction between the two particles lies in the nature of their respective fields: the dark photon field is a vector field with a polarization direction that remains undetermined. This work explores the prospect of utilizing three degenerate modes for scanning the three dimensions of space in order to mitigate the low form factor expected in the detection of the dark photon due to their unknown polarization. The employment of an haloscope with three orthogonal and degenerate modes in conjunction with the coherent sum of signals is demonstrated in this work in order to enhance the dark photon form factor up to the axion form factor, and to determine the direction of the dark photon polarization vector. We show in this manuscript that the maximum form factor is achieved in cavities of cubic, spherical, and cylindrical geometries, considering the introduction of tuning elements. To achieve this adequately, some conditions reviewed in this article must be fulfilled in the resonant cavity, leading to uncertainties in the final measurement. Finally, this technique can allow the simultaneous search for dark matter axions and dark photons, and to the knowledge of the authors, the method shown in this work is the most effective one for detecting dark photon with microwave resonant cavities.