标题： 重子生成与大轻子不对称性产生的引力波的首次QCD相变 显示英文标题

标题： Baryogenesis and first-order QCD transition with gravitational waves from a large lepton asymmetry

摘要： 一个大的原初轻子不对称性可以通过在高温下阻止电弱对称性的恢复，从而导致成功的重子生成，进而抑制手征子率。 这种不对称性还可以导致一次一级的宇宙QCD相变，并伴随可检测的引力波(GW)信号。 通过采用次领头阶维度约化方法，我们确定所需的轻子不对称性大约比之前估计的小一个数量级。 结合一个更新的QCD状态方程，该方程协调格点和功能QCD的结果，我们确定了能够引发一次一级宇宙QCD相变的轻子味不对称性的范围。 为了与宇宙微波背景和大爆炸核合成的观测约束保持一致，实现正确的重子不对称性需要大约十倍的熵稀释。 然而，一次级QCD相变本身可以独立于熵稀释发生。 我们提出，可以通过即将进行的GW实验，如$\mu$Ares 来研究手征子冻结机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A large primordial lepton asymmetry can lead to successful baryogenesis by preventing the restoration of electroweak symmetry at high temperatures, thereby suppressing the sphaleron rate. This asymmetry can also lead to a first-order cosmic QCD transition, accompanied by detectable gravitational wave (GW) signals. By employing next-to-leading order dimensional reduction we determine that the necessary lepton asymmetry is approximately one order of magnitude smaller than previously estimated. Incorporating an updated QCD equation of state that harmonizes lattice and functional QCD outcomes, we pinpoint the range of lepton flavor asymmetries capable of inducing a first-order cosmic QCD transition. To maintain consistency with observational constraints from the Cosmic Microwave Background and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, achieving the correct baryon asymmetry requires entropy dilution by approximately a factor of ten. However, the first-order QCD transition itself can occur independently of entropy dilution. We propose that the sphaleron freeze-in mechanism can be investigated through forthcoming GW experiments such as $\mu$Ares.