标题： 时空泡沫对带电AdS黑洞热力学的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Spacetime Foam Effects on Charged AdS Black Hole Thermodynamics

摘要： 在本文中，我们研究了时空泡沫产生的涌现热力学现象及其对黑洞行为的影响。 在此框架下，我们采用巴罗模型，其中小尺度时空结构通过与科赫雪花的类比进行建模，这意味着由于量子引力效应引起的量子变形，黑洞表面获得准分形结构。 我们的分析是在扩展相空间形式主义内进行的，结果表明准分形修正显著改变了带电AdS黑洞的状态方程、临界参数和相变行为。 巴罗参数的增加导致临界压力和温度升高，并在最大变形时发散。 此外，虽然准分形结构对低熵的小黑洞影响可以忽略不计，但它明显影响中等和大事件视界黑洞的热演化。 此外，我们研究了准分形修正对焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀以及冷却和加热区域之间相变的影响。 我们还检查了时空结构对黑洞微观态密度、寿命以及不同观测者（包括局部观测者、渐近观测者和厄克特观测者）温度检测的影响。 我们发现，时空泡沫增加了微观态密度并延长了蒸发寿命，从而作为黑洞蒸发的阻力，而局部观测者则发现预期的托尔曼蓝移和厄克特温度保持不变。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper, we investigate the emergent thermodynamic phenomena arising from spacetime foam and its impact on black hole behavior. Within this framework, we adopt the Barrow model, where the structure of spacetime at small scales is modeled by analogy with the Koch snowflake, implying that black hole surfaces acquire a quasi-fractal structure due to quantum deformations induced by quantum gravity effects. Our analysis, conducted within the extended phase-space formalism, reveals that the quasi-fractal correction to black hole entropy significantly modifies the equation of state, critical parameters, and phase-transition behavior of charged AdS black holes. An increase in the Barrow parameter leads to higher critical pressure and temperature, which diverge at maximal deformation. Moreover, while the quasi-fractal structure has a negligible effect on small black holes with low entropy, it clearly influences the thermal evolution of medium and large event horizon black holes. Additionally, we study the impact of quasi-fractal corrections on the Joule-Thomson expansion and the phase transition between cooling and heating regimes. We also examine the effects of spacetime structure on black hole microstate density, lifetimes, and temperature detection by different observers, including local, asymptotic, and Unruh detectors. We find that spacetime foam increases microstate density and prolongs evaporation lifetimes, thus acting as a resistance to black hole evaporation, while local observers experience that the expected Tolman blueshift and Unruh temperatures remain unmodified.