标题： 同步的成本：电力网络中由于相位同步引起的电阻损耗 显示英文标题

标题： The Price of Synchrony: Resistive Losses due to Phase Synchronization in Power Networks

摘要： 我们研究了在暂态稳定事件后使由相同发电机组成的电力网络恢复同步状态，或者在持续随机干扰下维持这种同步状态时所发生的总电阻损耗。 我们将这一成本表述为具有分布式干扰的线性动态系统的输入-输出$H^2$范数。 我们推导出一个表达式，该表达式随着网络规模以及发电机和输电线路的特性而变化，但与网络拓扑无关。 我们称之为同步代价的这种在拓扑上不变的缩放关系，与典型的电力系统稳定性概念（如收敛速度或转子角稳定性吸引域）形成对比。 我们的结果表明，虽然高度连接的电力网络在实现更高相位同步方面是可取的，但在实现这种同步所需的总电阻功率损耗方面并无优势。 此外，如果在高度分布式发电网络中使用潮流控制来实现同步，则随着发电机数量的增加，成本会无界地增加。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the total resistive losses incurred in returning a power network of identical generators to a synchronous state following a transient stability event or in maintaining this state in the presence of persistent stochastic disturbances. We formulate this cost as the input-output $H^2$ norm of a linear dynamical system with distributed disturbances. We derive an expression for the total resistive losses that scales with the size of the network as well as properties of the generators and power lines, but is independent of the network topology. This topologically invariant scaling of what we term the price of synchrony is in contrast to typical power system stability notions like rate of convergence or the region of attraction for rotor-angle stability. Our result indicates that highly connected power networks, whilst desirable for higher phase synchrony, do not offer an advantage in terms of the total resistive power losses needed to achieve this synchrony. Furthermore, if power flow is the mechanism used to achieve synchrony in highly-distributed-generation networks, the cost increases unboundedly with the number of generators.