标题： 高速公路交通中的普遍缩放定律 显示英文标题

标题： Universal Scaling Laws in Freeway Traffic

摘要： 交通拥堵是数百万民众每天的烦恼，并且对经济造成了数十亿美元的损失，长期以来一直难以深入的物理理解。 虽然简单的交通流理论模型已经表明与临界现象和非平衡普适性的联系，但缺乏直接的实证验证。 使用来自I-24 MOTION测试床的大量高分辨率车辆轨迹数据，我们表明交通流表现出一种自组织临界渗流相变以及与1+1维Kardar-Parisi-Zhang普适性一致的波动。 这表明交通堵塞的复杂且看似混乱的形成具有可预测的统计特性，这为交通科学开辟了新的途径，以基于普遍标度定律开发先进的预测和管理策略。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Traffic congestion, a daily frustration for millions and a multi-billion dollar drain on economies, has long resisted deep physical understanding. While simple theoretical models of traffic flow have suggested connections to critical phenomena and non-equilibrium universality, direct empirical validation is lacking. Using extensive, high-resolution vehicle trajectory data from the I-24 MOTION testbed, we show that traffic flow exhibits both a percolation phase transition that is self-organized critical and fluctuations consistent with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in 1+1 dimensions. This suggests that the complex and seemingly chaotic formation of traffic jams has predictable statistical properties, which opens new avenues in traffic science for developing advanced forecasting and management strategies grounded in universal scaling laws.