标题： 玻色子的密度和温度来自量子涨落 显示英文标题

标题： Density and Temperature of Bosons from Quantum Fluctuations

摘要： 提出了一种基于玻色子量子涨落的方法来确定系统的密度和温度，这种方法适用于达到的温度 \(T\) 接近给定密度$\rho$下的玻色凝聚临界温度$T_c$的情况。 根据$\frac{T}{T_c}$得到了四极矩和粒子多重性波动的关系。该方法适用于弱相互作用的无限和有限玻色子系统。 作为示例，我们将其应用于重离子碰撞，并使用包含费米统计的约束分子动力学（CoMD）方法。模型显示出向氘核和${\alpha}$聚集的趋势，这可能暗示了玻色凝聚的存在。然而，我们的方法表明模型中并没有玻色凝聚，但它提供了可以被实验验证的有用信息。 我们强调了与基于经典近似方法的区别。所得到的‘量子’温度系统地高于相应的‘经典’温度。讨论了碎片的库仑电荷的作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A method to determine the density and temperature of a system is proposed based on quantum fluctuations typical of Bosons in the limit where the reached temperature T is close to the critical temperature $T_c$ for a Bose condensate at a given density $\rho$. Quadrupole and particle multiplicity fluctuations relations are derived in terms of $\frac{T}{T_c}$. This method is valid for weakly interacting infinite and finite Boson systems. As an example, we apply it to heavy ion collisions using the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) approach which includes the Fermi statistics. The model shows some clusterization into deuteron and ${\alpha}$ clusters which could suggest a Bose condensate. However, our approach demonstrates that in the model there is no Bose condensate but it gives useful informations to be tested experimentally. We stress the differences with methods based on classical approximations. The derived 'quantum' temperatures are systematically higher than the corresponding 'classical' ones. The role of the Coulomb charge of fragments is discussed.