标题： 质子-原子核碰撞在大型强子对撞机上的科学机遇与要求 显示英文标题

标题： Proton-Nucleus Collisions at the LHC: Scientific Opportunities and Requirements

摘要： 质子-核（p+A）碰撞长期以来被视为高能核束物理计划中的关键组成部分，特别是作为解释和理解核-核数据的参考，以及阐明低部分子分数动量（小-x）下物质的部分子结构的潜力。 在这里，我们总结了使质子-核运行成为大型强子对撞机（LHC）重离子计划成功的关键因素，并介绍了这些碰撞带来的独特科学机会。 我们还回顾了关于LHC上p+A模式运行计划的当前讨论状况。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions have long been recognized as a crucial component of the physics programme with nuclear beams at high energies, in particular for their reference role to interpret and understand nucleus-nucleus data as well as for their potential to elucidate the partonic structure of matter at low parton fractional momenta (small-x). Here, we summarize the main motivations that make a proton-nucleus run a decisive ingredient for a successful heavy-ion programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and we present unique scientific opportunities arising from these collisions. We also review the status of ongoing discussions about operation plans for the p+A mode at the LHC.