标题： 旋转动胶子在喷注结构中的量子干涉 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Interference in Jet Substructure from Spinning Gluons

摘要： 准直的强子喷注，称为喷注，是对撞机实验中量子色动力学（QCD）的涌现现象，其详细的内部结构包含了关于高能夸克和胶子相互作用及其结合成无色强子的信息。 喷注内的能量流动由能量流算符的相关函数来表征，其中三点相关函数是第一个具有非平凡形状依赖性的相关函数，在揭示QCD动力学中起着特殊作用。 在本文中，我们开始研究强耦合常数所有阶次下的三点能量相关函数，在两个探测器被挤压在一起的极限情况下。 我们表明，通过将两个挤压的探测器相对于第三个探测器旋转一个角度$\phi$，由于中间虚胶子具有$+/-$自旋之间的量子干涉而产生的$\cos (2\phi)$依赖性会被刻印在探测器上。 这可以被视为一种在喷注子结构上进行的双缝实验，并为喷注子结构的最终量子性质以及QCD中的横向自旋物理提供了直接的探测手段。 为了便于我们的所有阶次分析，我们采用了共形场论中轻束算符的算符乘积展开（OPE），并在QCD中对其进行了发展。 我们在现实世界QCD中应用轻束OPE，将其确立为一种强大的理论工具，广泛应用于喷注子结构的研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Collimated sprays of hadrons, called jets, are an emergent phenomenon of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at collider experiments, whose detailed internal structure encodes valuable information about the interactions of high energy quarks and gluons, and their confinement into color-neutral hadrons. The flow of energy within jets is characterized by correlation functions of energy flow operators, with the three-point correlator, being the first correlator with non-trivial shape dependence, playing a special role in unravelling the dynamics of QCD. In this Letter we initiate a study of the three-point energy correlator to all orders in the strong coupling constant, in the limit where two of the detectors are squeezed together. We show that by rotating the two squeezed detectors with respect to the third by an angle $\phi$, a $\cos (2\phi)$ dependence arising from the quantum interference between intermediate virtual gluons with $+/-$ helicity is imprinted on the detector. This can be regarded as a double slit experiment performed with jet substructure, and it provides a direct probe of the ultimately quantum nature of the substructure of jets, and of transverse spin physics in QCD. To facilitate our all-orders analysis, we adopt the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) for light-ray operators in conformal field theory and develop it in QCD. Our application of the light-ray OPE in real world QCD establishes it as a powerful theoretical tool with broad applications for the study of jet substructure.