标题： 2022年9月5日SEP事件的激波和SEP建模研究 显示英文标题

标题： Shock and SEP Modeling Study for the 5 September 2022 SEP Event

摘要： 2022年9月5日，在帕克太阳探测器（PSP）第13次相遇期间，当航天器接近其轨道近日点时，观测到一次快速激波和相关的太阳高能粒子（SEP）事件。 来自太阳综合科学调查仪（ISOIS）仪器套件的观测结果显示，SEPs到达航天器的时间比其母太阳爆发开始时间有显著延迟，并且第一批到达的SEPs在高于$\sim$1~MeV 的高能质子上表现出逆速度弥散（IVD）。 利用多艘航天器的数据，我们研究了爆发动力学和激波传播。 我们的分析包括三维激波建模和SEP传输模拟，以检查此SEP事件的起源，并探索延迟SEP开始和观察到的IVD的原因。 数据驱动的SEP模拟重现了PSP观测到的SEP事件开始、其演变的能量谱以及IVD。 这种IVD归因于PSP拦截扩展激波侧面相对较慢的持续粒子加速过程。 这对激波在广泛事件中释放SEPs的作用以及推断SEP释放时间的方法具有重要意义。 此外，当考虑交叉场扩散时，模拟与观测之间的匹配变差，表明 SEP扩散对此次事件影响较小。 这些发现突显了SEP事件的复杂性，并强调了需要先进的建模方法来更好地理解激波和其他物理过程在SEP加速和释放中的作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： On September 5, 2022, during Parker Solar Probe's (PSP) 13th encounter, a fast shock wave and a related solar energetic particle (SEP) event were observed as the spacecraft approached the perihelion of its orbit. Observations from the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (ISOIS) instrument suite show that SEPs arrived at the spacecraft with a significant delay from the onset of the parent solar eruption and that the first arriving SEPs exhibited an Inverse Velocity Dispersion (IVD) for energetic protons above $\sim$1~MeV. Utilizing data from multiple spacecraft we investigate the eruption dynamics and shock wave propagation. Our analysis includes 3D shock modeling and SEP transport simulations to examine the origins of this SEP event and explore the causes of the delayed SEP onset and the observed IVD. The data-driven SEP simulation reproduces the SEP event onset observed at PSP, its evolving energy spectrum and the IVD. This IVD is attributed to a relatively slow, ongoing particle acceleration process occurring at the flank of the expanding shock wave intercepted by PSP. This has significant implications for the role of shocks in the release of SEPs at widespread events and for methods used to infer the SEP release times. Furthermore, the match between the simulation and observations worsens when cross-field diffusion is considered, indicating that SEP diffusion had a minor effect on this event. These findings underscore the complexity of SEP events and emphasize the need for advanced modelling approaches to better understand the role of shock waves and other physical processes in SEP acceleration and release.