标题： 行星和棕矮星磁层系统中辐射带的普遍能量极限 显示英文标题

标题： Universal energy limits of radiation belts in planetary and brown dwarf magnetospheric systems

摘要： 辐射带是磁约束粒子辐射区域，存在于太阳系中足够强磁场的行星周围，最近也在棕矮星周围观测到。然而，尽管它们普遍存在，目前还没有一个通用的理论或模型来预测任何特定磁层系统辐射带可以达到的最高能量极限。 通过仅考虑最基本的损失过程，开发了一个模型和相应的理论，该模型成功地界定了并解释了所有已记录的辐射带系统的最大观测能量。 有趣的是，这种方法得出一个相对简单的函数，用于确定最高能量极限，该函数仅依赖于系统的表面磁场强度。 该模型预测所有辐射带系统的能量极限趋于7 +/- 2 TeV（对于质子和电子），为银河宇宙射线潜在来源提供了引人入胜的新见解。 该模型还应用于系外行星系统，表明该行星很可能是一个同步辐射发射体，并展示了该模型在识别同步辐射发射天体系统候选目标中的应用，并揭示了那些遥远世界中与宜居性相关的关键细节。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Radiation belts are regions of magnetically trapped particle radiation found around all of the sufficiently magnetized planets in the Solar System and recently also observed around brown dwarfs, yet despite their ubiquity, there is not yet a general theory or model to predict the uppermost energy limits that any particular magnetospheric system's radiation belts can attain. By considering only the most fundamental loss processes, a model and corresponding theory are developed that successfully bound and explain the maximum observed energies of all documented radiation belt systems. Interestingly, this approach yields a relatively simple function for the uppermost energy limit that depends on only the surface magnetic field strength of the system. The model predicts an energy limit for all radiation belt systems that asymptotes at 7 +/- 2 TeV (for protons and electrons), offering intriguing new insight on potential sources of galactic cosmic rays. This model is also applied to an exoplanetary system, demonstrating that the planet is likely a synchrotron emitter and showcasing the model's use for identifying candidate targets for synchrotron-emitting astrophysical systems and revealing details critical to habitability at those remote worlds.