标题： 活性悬浮液的非平衡热力学 显示英文标题

标题： The non-equilibrium thermodynamics of active suspensions

摘要： 由自驱动胶体粒子组成的主动悬浮液被考虑。 它们的推进是由通过异质催化和耦合反应分子种类浓度梯度与流体速度的扩散运动产生的化学反应生成的。 通过这一机制，化学自由能转化为机械运动。 这种主动悬浮液的非平衡热力学通过明确考虑活性粒子的内部自由度来发展，这些自由度是确定其取向的欧拉角。 因此，胶体粒子的分布函数是在其位置和取向的六维构型空间中定义的，这完全表征了活性系统中的极性、向列性和更高的取向顺序。 局部吉布斯和欧拉热力学关系以胶体分布函数表示，其动力学受六维局部守恒方程的支配。 所有导致熵产生率的过程都来源于胶体、分子种类、质量、线性动量和能量的局部守恒和运动方程，从而识别它们的热力学力，也称为亲和力，以及它们的耗散电流密度。 利用居里对称性原理和基于微观可逆性的昂萨格-卡西米尔互易关系，获得了非平衡本构关系。 这样，基于流体溶液与固体粒子之间界面性质和化学流体力学，完全确定了等温、不可压缩、稀释悬浮液中球形双面粒子组成的所有机电耦合系数。 建立了这种活性系统的熵产生率的完整表达式。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Active suspensions composed of self-propelled colloidal particles are considered. Their propulsion of is generated by chemical reactions occurring by heterogeneous catalysis and diffusiophoresis coupling the concentration gradients of reacting molecular species to the fluid velocity. By this mechanism, chemical free energy is transduced into mechanical motion. The non-equilibrium thermodynamics of such active suspensions is developed by explicitly taking into account the internal degrees of freedom of active particles, which are the Eulerian angles specifying their orientation. Accordingly, the distribution function of colloidal particles is defined in the six-dimensional configuration space of their position and their orientation, which fully characterises polar, nematic, and higher orientational orders in the active system. The local Gibbs and Euler thermodynamic relations are expressed in terms of the colloidal distribution function, the dynamics of which is ruled by a six-dimensional local conservation equation. All the processes contributing to the entropy production rate are derived from the local conservation and kinetic equations for colloids, molecular species, mass, linear momentum, and energy, identifying their thermodynamic forces, also called affinities, and their dissipative current densities. The non-equilibrium constitutive relations are obtained using the Curie symmetry principle and the Onsager-Casimir reciprocal relations based on microreversibility. In this way, all the mechanochemical coupling coefficients are completely determined for isothermal, incompressible, dilute suspensions composed of spherical Janus particles on the basis of the interfacial properties between the fluid solution and the solid particles and chemohydrodynamics. The complete expression of the entropy production rate is established for such active systems.