标题： 蜻蜓机翼损伤的空气动力学后果 显示英文标题

标题： Aerodynamic consequences of wing damage in dragonflies

摘要： 蜻蜓通过拍打翅膀产生力量，但它们由于本身的脆弱性容易受到损伤。 损伤会导致翅膀面积减少和原始翅膀形状的扭曲，进而导致飞行能力下降。 此外，蜻蜓前翅和后翅的气流存在相互作用，因此前翅的损伤也会影响同侧后翅的空气动力学性能。 在本研究中，我们通过计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟一系列根据文献中面积损失概率损坏的蜻蜓前翅/后翅模型来研究这个问题。 不同损坏翅膀情况下的流场和空气动力学力与完整翅膀的情况进行比较。 这种比较分析揭示了不同类型的翅膀损伤如何改变拍打翅膀周围的涡旋结构，并导致空气动力学力的下降。 空气动力学性能下降的原因比单纯的面积损失更为微妙，它由翅膀损伤引起的流场变化所调节。 当前翅受损时，翅间相互作用变得尤为重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Flapping wings are the primary means by which dragonflies generate forces, but they are susceptible to damage due to their inherent fragility. The damage results in a reduction in wing area and a distortion of the original wing, which in turn leads to a decline in flight ability. Furthermore, the flows of dragonfly fore- and hindwings exhibit an interaction, thus damage to the forewing can also impact the aerodynamic performance of the ipsilateral hindwing. In this study, we examine this problem through CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations on a series of damaged dragonfly fore-/hindwing models according to the probability of area loss from the literature. The flow fields and aerodynamic forces for the different damaged wing cases are compared with those for the intact wings. This comparative analysis reveals how the different patterns of wing damage modify the vortex structures around the flapping wings and lead to a drop in aerodynamic force production. The causes behind the diminishing aerodynamic performance are shown to be subtler than the pure area loss and are regulated by the changes in the flow field that result from wing damage. Wing-wing interaction becomes particularly important when forewing damage occurs.