标题： 塞内加尔东北部地区的小米和高粱品种的气候适应性：交叉引用降雨量、温度和物候参数 显示英文标题

标题： Climate adaptation of millet and sorghum varieties in North-Eastern Senegal: cross-referencing rainfall, thermal and phenological parameters

摘要： 高粱（Pennisetum glaucum）和粟（Sorghum bicolor）是塞内加尔东北部主要的雨养谷物。然而，由于降雨量减少、气温升高以及干旱频发等问题，其生产正在趋于下降。本文研究了在塞内加尔东北部推广种植的主要雨养粟品种Souna__3、ICTP 8203、GB 8735、Gawane和Chakti，以及主要高粱品种CE__180-33、Payenne和Golobé所面临的气候限制和其他冲击。基于Podor、Matam和Linguère收集的数据，文章分析了不同粟和高粱品种对气候条件的适应性及其随时间的变化。结果显示，自20世纪70年代初以来存在降雨赤字，并伴随着更大的热胁迫。对不同生长阶段品种累积降雨量与最大蒸散量差异的分析表明，Souna__3粟和CE 180-33高粱持续出现水分亏缺。相比之下，Chakti粟在研究区域东部和西部的80%以上的年份以及北部47%的情况下表现出正的水分平衡。只有Chakti和ICTP 8203适应了东部和西部地区的气候条件，在1931-1969年和1999-2020年期间的适宜概率超过80%。然而，没有一种品种适应北部地区的气候条件。除了这些气候限制外，受访农民还将农业生产的下降归因于牲畜游荡、鸟类害虫袭击和寄生虫侵扰，加剧了农业损失。因此，开发包括更广泛传播更适合当前气候条件的品种（如Chakti和ICTP 8203）以及加强作物保护系统（特别是通过生物控制和综合害虫管理）的互补策略至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are the main rainfed cereals grown in North-Eastern Senegal. However, faced with constraints such as falling rainfall, rising temperatures and frequent dry spells, their production is tending to decline. This article examines the climatic constraints and other shocks suffered by rainfed millet varieties Souna__3, ICTP 8203, GB 8735, Gawane and Chakti, as well as those as sorghum CE__180-33, Payenne and Golob{\'e}, which are the main varieties released and currently grown in north-eastern Senegal. Based on data collected in Podor, Matam and Lingu{\`e}re, the article analyses the adaptation of different millet and sorghum varieties to climatic condition and their evolution over time The results show a rainfall deficit since the early 1970s, combined by greater thermal constraints. Analysis of the differences between cumulative rainfall and maximum evapotranspiration for varieties at different growth stages reveals constant water deficits for Souna__3 millet and CE 180-33 sorghum. In contrast, Chakti millet shows positive water balances in over 80% of years in the east and west of the study area, and in 47% of cases in the north. Only Chakti and ICTP 8203 are adapted to the climatic conditions of the eastern and western zones, with a probability of suitability of over 80% for the periods 1931-1969 and 1999-2020. However, none of the varieties is adapted to the climatic conditions in the north. In addition to these climatic constraints, the interviewed farmers attribute the decline in agricultural production to livestock straying, attacks by bird pests and parasitic infestations. exacerbate agricultural losses. It is therefore essential to develop complementary strategies including wider dissemination of varieties better adapted to current climatic conditions, such as Chakti and ICTP 8203, and the strengthening of crop protection systems, notably through biological control and integrated pest management.