标题： 与复杂科学相关的等离子体实验 显示英文标题

标题： Plasma experiments with relevance for complexity science

摘要： 本文的目的是识别导致等离子体导体非线性行为的物理过程，当外部约束逐渐使系统偏离热平衡时。 这揭示了一种自组织情景的存在，其最终产物取决于所施加约束的大小。 最初表现为一种由电双层存在确保其稳定的复杂性。 随着外部约束的增加，这种复杂性过渡到一种自主状态，其存在与物质和能量的有节奏交换有关，并由双层的适当动力学维持和控制。 这些结果对于发展非平衡物理学的一般策略具有潜在的重要性，为实验室和自然界中自组织复杂性的出现机制提供了解答思路。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The goal of this paper is the identification of the physical processes at the origin of the nonlinear behavior of a plasma conductor when an external constraint gradually departs the system from thermal equilibrium. This reveals the presence of a self-organization scenario whose final product depends on the magnitude of the applied constraint. At first it appears a complexity whose stability is ensured by the presence of an electrical double layer. By increasing the external constraint the complexity transits into an autonomous state whose existence is related to a rhythmic exchange of matter and energy with the surrounding environment, sustained and controlled by a proper dynamics of the double layer. The results are potentially important for developing a general strategy of nonequilibrium physics, suggesting answers to challenging problems concerning the mechanism that could explain the appearance of self-organized complexities in laboratory and nature.