标题： 1972年8月和1989年3月的空间天气事件回顾：我们能从中得到什么新知识？ 显示英文标题

标题： Review of the August 1972 and March 1989 Space Weather Events: Can We Learn Anything New From Them?

摘要： 已经构建了关于1972年8月和1989年3月空间天气事件的更新总结。 将这两个事件的特征与卡林顿1859年事件以及其他一些主要空间天气事件进行了比较。 得出结论认为，太阳活动区以多种形式释放能量（X射线、EUV光子、可见光、日冕物质抛射(CME)等离子体和磁场），这些能量又可以通过多种方式产生其他高能效应（太阳高能粒子(SEP)、磁暴）。 显然，这些不同能量汇之间没有强烈的一一对应关系。 能量在每次空间天气事件中的分布往往不同。 关于在行星际CME（ICME）激波加速的SEP，结论认为准平行激波相关的Fermi机制相对较弱，而准垂直激波处的梯度漂移机制（电场）会产生更硬的能谱和更高的通量。 如果1972年8月4日的地磁云条件（南向行星际磁场而不是北向）以及行星际太阳到1 AU条件有所不同，则会发生比卡林顿事件更大的1972年8月4日磁暴和磁层晨昏方向电场。 在这些特殊的行星际条件下，可能会形成类似于宫井等人（2012）描述的极端SEP事件。 1989年的长期复杂风暴在环电流粒子总能量方面可能大于卡林顿风暴。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Updated summaries of the August 1972 and March 1989 space weather events have been constructed. The features of these two events are compared to the Carrington 1859 event and a few other major space weather events. It is concluded that solar active regions release energy in a variety of forms (X-rays, EUV photons, visible light, coronal mass ejection (CME) plasmas and fields) and they in turn can produce other energetic effects (solar energetic particles (SEPs), magnetic storms) in a variety of ways. It is clear that there is no strong one-to-one relationship between these various energy sinks. The energy is often distributed differently from one space weather event to the next. Concerning SEPs accelerated at interplanetary CME (ICME) shocks, it is concluded that the Fermi mechanism associated with quasi-parallel shocks is relatively weak and that the gradient drift mechanism (electric fields) at quasi-perpendicular shocks will produce harder spectra and higher fluxes. If the 4 Augusut 1972 intrinsic magnetic cloud condition (southward interplanetary magnetic field instead of northward) and the interplanetary Sun to 1 au conditions were different, a 4 August 1972 magnetic storm and magnetospheric dawn-to-dusk electric fields substantially larger than the Carrington event would have occurred. Under these special interplanetary conditions, a Miyake et al. (2012)-like extreme SEP event may have been formed. The long duration complex 1989 storm was probably greater than the Carrington storm in the sense that the total ring current particle energy was larger.