标题： 粒子-网格方法在边缘等离子体物理中的应用：PICLS代码 显示英文标题

标题： Particle-in-cell methods in edge plasma physics: the PICLS code

摘要： 在过去几十年中，多个gyrokinetic代码已被证明能够模拟托卡马克装置核心区域的湍流和相关输运。 然而，它们在边缘和散裂层（SOL）区域的应用面临重大挑战。 到目前为止，只有少数代码和模型被适应于SOL/边缘条件。 为了进一步研究SOL区域，特别是其陡峭的温度和密度梯度以及大的波动幅度，开发了全-f粒子-网格代码PICLS。 PICLS基于一个全-f gyrokinetic模型，使用线性化场方程，考虑了动力学电子并采用了逻辑鞘层边界条件。 在过去，PICLS通过将其应用于SOL中边缘局部模态下的一个广泛研究的一维平行输运问题进行了验证，在无碰撞和有碰撞条件下均进行了应用，其中实现了Lenard-Bernstein碰撞算子。 最近，PICLS扩展到了三维空间，以研究开放磁力线区域中的湍流，在板状和闭合磁力线环形几何中进行研究。 在本工作中，我们将重点介绍我们用于将代码扩展到三维空间的模型和方法，包括验证工作和其他现有代码在闭合磁力线几何中的比较。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Over the past decades, multiple gyrokinetic codes have shown to be able to simulate turbulence and associated transport in the core of Tokamak devices. However, their application to the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) region presents significant challenges. To date, only few codes and models have been adapted to SOL/edge conditions. To further study the SOL region in particular, with its steep temperature and density gradients as well as large fluctuation amplitudes, the full-f particle-in-cell code PICLS has been developed. PICLS is based on a full-f gyrokinetic model with linearised field equations, considers kinetic electrons and uses logical sheath boundary conditions. In the past, PICLS was verified by applying it to a well-studied 1D parallel transport problem during an edge-localized mode in the SOL under both collisionless and collisional conditions, for which a Lenard-Bernstein collision operator was implemented. PICLS recently was extended towards three spatial dimensions to study turbulence in open-field-line regions in slab and closed-field-line toroidal geometries. In this work, we will focus on the models and methods we used for extending the code towards three spatial dimensions, including validation efforts and comparisons with other existing codes in closed-field-line geometry