标题： 城市代谢与可持续性的科学 显示英文标题

标题： The Science of Urban Metabolism and Sustainability

摘要： 理解科学学科背后的定量模式对于制定明智的研究政策是基础性的。 虽然许多领域已经从这个角度进行了研究，但城市科学（USc）及其子领域仍缺乏深入探索。 作为有机体，城市系统依赖于材料和能源输入及转化（即代谢）来维持基本动态。 这一概念已被多个学科采用，包括建筑学和社会学，以及专注于代谢过程的学科，如生态学和工业生态学。 本研究探讨了城市代谢（UM）和可持续性研究的结构与演变，分析了按学科、研究主题（例如城市、地区）、方法和作者多样性（国籍和性别）分类的文章。 我们的综述表明，UM是一个新兴领域，直到2019年一直主要由环境科学和生态学进行研究。 常用的方法包括生态网络分析、生命周期评估和物质流分析，关注流量而非存量、生态系统动态以及城市系统的进化视角。 作者主要来自中国和美国，与一般科学研究相比，性别差距较小。 我们的分析识别了该科学领域统计特性中显而易见的相关挑战，这些挑战可能有助于改进研究政策的设计。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding the quantitative patterns behind scientific disciplines is fundamental for informed research policy. While many fields have been studied from this perspective, Urban Science (USc) and its subfields remain underexplored. As organisms, urban systems rely on materials and energy inputs and transformation (i.e. metabolism) to sustain essential dynamics. This concept has been adopted by various disciplines, including architecture and sociology, and by those focused on metabolic processes, such as ecology and industrial ecology. This study addresses the structure and evolution of Urban Metabolism (UM) and Sustainability research, analyzing articles by disciplines, study subjects (e.g., cities, regions), methodologies, and author diversity (nationality and gender). Our review suggests that UM is an emerging field that grew until 2019, primarily addressed by environmental science and ecology. Common methods include Ecological Network Analysis, and Life Cycle Assessment, and Material Flow Analysis, focusing flows over stocks, ecosystem dynamics and evolutionary perspectives of the urban system. Authors are predominantly from China and the USA, and there are less gender gaps compared to general science research. Our analysis identifies relevant challenges that have become evident in the statistical properties of this scientific field and which might be helpful for the design of improved research policies.