标题： 了解原生骨料的环境影响：关键文献综述和初级全面生命周期评估 显示英文标题

标题： Understanding the environmental impacts of virgin aggregates: critical literature review and primary comprehensive Life Cycle Assessments

摘要： 尽管对集料的消耗不断增加，但对其环境足迹的认识仍然有限。我对原始集料生命周期评估（LCA）的文献综述突显了许多不足之处，例如输入数据质量低和系统边界碎片化，并估算砾石消耗占全球碳足迹的0.17%至1.8%。因此，我基于从魁北克省每年生产700万吨集料的采石场收集的现场数据，开发了全面的LCA，这些集料代表了不同类型的岩石、生产方式（移动式、固定式）以及消耗的能源，使用ecoinvent 3.7和TRACI表征方法。结果表明，经常被忽视的爆破和机械是多个影响类别的重要贡献者，以及柴油消耗。首次证明了岩石性质与集料环境影响之间的联系：岩石越硬，所需的爆破越强，从而增加影响。此外，岩石越磨蚀，机械设备磨损越快，产生更高的维护需求，从而增加人类和生态系统毒性。基于对欧洲、中国以及不同加拿大和美国地区的场景分析，也显示出影响对电力混合物的显著敏感性。此外，通过定制的清单模型对集料运输到消费者进行建模，可以使集料在采石场门口的影响翻倍，且具有强烈的区域差异性。在不久的将来，我呼吁在集料LCA中考虑一致的系统边界，细化爆破、能源消耗、机械制造和维护，以及定制卡车运输模型，以获得更可靠的集料LCA。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Despite the ever-growing massive consumption of aggregates, knowledge about their environmental footprint is limited. My literature review on virgin aggregate Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) highlighted many shortcomings, such as low-quality inputs and fragmented system boundaries, and estimated that gravel consumption is responsible for 0.17 to 1.8 percent of the global carbon footprint. I thus developed comprehensive LCAs, based on field data collected from quarries in Quebec producing annually 7 million tons of aggregates, representing different types of rocks, productions (mobile, fixed), and energies consumed, using ecoinvent 3.7 and TRACI characterization method. Results show that the often-forgotten blasting and machinery are major contributors to several impact categories, along with diesel consumption. The link between the nature of the rock and the environmental impacts of aggregates is demonstrated for the first time: the harder it is, the more exposive it requires, thus increasing the impacts. Moreover, the more abrasive the rock is, the faster it wears out machinery, generating higher maintenance that increases human and ecosystem toxicities. A pronounced sensitivity of the impacts to the electricity mix is also shown based on a scenario analysis carried on Europe, China, and different Canadian and American regions. Additionally, aggregate transportation to the consumer, modeled with tailored inventories, can more than double the impact of the aggregate at the gates of the quarry, with strong regional variability. In a near future, I call for considering consistent system boundaries in aggregate LCA, refining blasting, energy consumption, machinery manufacturing and maintenance, as well as customizing truck transportation models, for more reliable aggregate LCAs.