标题： 美学不含语义学 显示英文标题

标题： Aesthetics Without Semantics

摘要： 虽然人类观察者很容易判断一张图片是美丽的还是丑陋的，但审美决策是由交织在一起的知觉和认知（语义）因素共同决定的，这使得从科学的角度理解审美判断尤为具有挑战性。 此外，我们的研究显示当前数据库存在一种普遍的偏见，这些数据库中大多包含美丽的图片，进一步增加了对审美反应的研究和预测难度。 我们通过创建一个具有最少语义内容的图片数据库，并设计以及利用一种方法来生成处于审美评价“丑”这一端的图片，解决了这些局限性。 由此产生的最小语义内容（MSC）数据库由一个包含10,426张图片的大规模且平衡的数据集组成，每张图片由100位观察者进行评估。 接下来，我们使用已确立的图像指标证明了，在一个偏向美丽图片的图像集合中加入丑陋图片，如何能够改变甚至反转图像特征与审美价值之间的关系。 综上所述，我们的研究表明，试图将图像内容与审美判断联系起来的经验美学研究可能会因为考虑的审美价值范围有限而夸大、低估或完全错过一些有趣的效应。 显示英文摘要

摘要： While it is easy for human observers to judge an image as beautiful or ugly, aesthetic decisions result from a combination of entangled perceptual and cognitive (semantic) factors, making the understanding of aesthetic judgements particularly challenging from a scientific point of view. Furthermore, our research shows a prevailing bias in current databases, which include mostly beautiful images, further complicating the study and prediction of aesthetic responses. We address these limitations by creating a database of images with minimal semantic content and devising, and next exploiting, a method to generate images on the ugly side of aesthetic valuations. The resulting Minimum Semantic Content (MSC) database consists of a large and balanced collection of 10,426 images, each evaluated by 100 observers. We next use established image metrics to demonstrate how augmenting an image set biased towards beautiful images with ugly images can modify, or even invert, an observed relationship between image features and aesthetics valuation. Taken together, our study reveals that works in empirical aesthetics attempting to link image content and aesthetic judgements may magnify, underestimate, or simply miss interesting effects due to a limitation of the range of aesthetic values they consider.