标题： 保护的形而上学：涌现、能动性与逻辑量子位的本体论地位 显示英文标题

标题： The Metaphysics of Protection: Emergence, Agency, and the Ontological Status of Logical Qubits

摘要： 本文认为，容错量子计算的实践，特别是量子纠错（QEC）机制，提供了一个深刻的新视角，用于审视本体论、涌现和解释方面的基础问题。 我们超越了关于量子加速的标准争论，提出：被保护的实体——逻辑量子比特——的本质是什么，其保护的主动、目标导向过程揭示了物理现实的哪些方面？ 我们认为，逻辑量子比特在身份的形而上学中提供了一个独特的案例研究，在希尔伯特空间中充当可量化的“忒修斯之船”。 我们引入“工程涌现”的概念，用来描述逻辑量子比特的主动、信息驱动的稳定化过程，将其与被动的涌现形式区分开来，并将其定位为一种新的因果结构类别。 最后，我们证明，逻辑量子比特为量子力学的主要解释（包括以代理为中心、多世界和玻姆观点）提供了一个强有力的新的测试平台，揭示了每种解释的新优势和挑战。 我们得出结论，容错的技术需求不仅仅是一个工程问题，而是深层哲学洞察的催化剂，将抽象争论转化为具体的物理问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper argues that the practice of fault-tolerant quantum computation, specifically the mechanism of Quantum Error Correction (QEC), offers a profoundly new lens through which to examine foundational questions of ontology, emergence, and interpretation. We move beyond the standard debate on quantum speedup to ask: What is the nature of the entity--the logical qubit--that is being protected, and what does the active, goal-directed process of its protection reveal about physical reality? We argue that the logical qubit presents a unique case study in the metaphysics of identity, functioning as a quantifiable "Ship of Theseus" in Hilbert space. We introduce the concept of "engineered emergence" to describe the active, information-driven stabilization of the logical qubit, distinguishing it from passive forms of emergence and positioning it as a new category of causal structure. Finally, we demonstrate that the logical qubit serves as a powerful new testbed for major interpretations of quantum mechanics (including agent-centered, Many-Worlds, and Bohmian views), revealing novel strengths and challenges for each. We conclude that the technological imperative of fault-tolerance is not merely an engineering problem but a catalyst for deep philosophical insight, transforming abstract debates into concrete physical questions.