标题： 一种用于安全量子通信的离散变量协议的设计与分析 显示英文标题

标题： Design and analysis of a set of discrete variable protocols for secure quantum communication

摘要： 量子密钥分发（QKD）的出现彻底改变了安全通信，提供了无条件安全性，这与传统的密码学方法不同。 然而，其有效性依赖于强大的身份认证，因为认证过程中的漏洞可能导致整个通信系统的安全性被破坏。 在过去三十年中，提出了许多量子身份认证（QIA）协议。 本论文首先对这些协议进行了时间顺序的回顾，根据所涉及的量子资源和计算任务对其进行分类，并分析了它们的优势和局限性。 随后，通过识别现有协议中存在的固有对称性，我们设计了基于安全计算和通信任务的新QIA方案。 具体而言，本工作引入了一组新的QIA协议，这些协议利用受控的安全直接量子通信。 所提出的方案在第三方查理的帮助下，使两个用户爱丽丝和鲍勃能够进行相互认证，使用贝尔态。 全面的安全分析表明其对冒充、截获重发和欺诈认证攻击具有鲁棒性。 比较评估突显了其相对于现有方案的优势。 此外，本论文提出了两个新颖的QKD协议，消除了对纠缠或理想单光子源的需求，使其能够使用商用光子源实现。 这些协议经过严格证明，能够抵御各种攻击，包括截获重发和某些集体攻击。 建立了关键速率界限，表明特定的经典预处理可以提高可容忍的误差阈值。 PHD THESIS 显示英文摘要

摘要： The advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) has revolutionized secure communication by providing unconditional security, unlike classical cryptographic methods. However, its effectiveness relies on robust identity authentication, as vulnerabilities in the authentication process can cause a compromise with the security of the entire communication system. Over the past three decades, numerous quantum identity authentication (QIA) protocols have been proposed. This thesis first presents a chronological review of these protocols, categorizing them based on quantum resources and computational tasks involved while analyzing their strengths and limitations. Subsequently, by recognizing inherent symmetries present in the existing protocols, we design novel QIA schemes based on secure computational and communication tasks. Specifically, this work introduces a set of new QIA protocols that utilize controlled secure direct quantum communication. The proposed scheme facilitates mutual authentication between two users, Alice and Bob, with assistance from a third party, Charlie, using Bell states. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates its robustness against impersonation, intercept-resend, and fraudulent authentication attacks. The comparative evaluation highlights its advantages over existing schemes. Additionally, this thesis presents two novel QKD protocols that eliminate the need for entanglement or ideal single-photon sources, making them feasible with commercially available photon sources. These protocols are rigorously proven to be secure against various attacks, including intercept-resend and certain collective attacks. Key rate bounds are established, demonstrating that specific classical pre-processing enhances the tolerable error threshold. PHD THESIS