标题： 关于使用光注入锁定的双场量子密钥分发的实现安全性 显示英文标题

标题： On the Implementation Security of Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution using Optical Injection Locking

摘要： 双场量子密钥分发（TF-QKD）已成为一种领先的量子通信协议，通过利用量子态的相干干涉，在前所未有的距离上实现了安全密钥分发。 光学注入锁定（OIL）架构已被用于简化TF-QKD所需的精确相位和频率稳定。 在本工作中，我们系统地分析了基于OIL的TF-QKD中可能通过外部注入参考激光器的各种光学自由度引入的侧信道。 我们实验演示了两种现实的攻击场景：参考激光器的快速强度调制以及利用传统监控技术无法检测的波长的特洛伊马信号。 为了应对这些漏洞，我们提出了简单且高度有效的对策，包括高速光电二极管用于实时功率监控，以及针对光谱过滤以检测和抑制带外信号。 我们的实验结果证实，这些实际解决方案在不显著增加复杂性或性能下降的情况下，大幅增强了TF-QKD系统的安全性。 更广泛地说，我们的分析强调了全面光学监控的关键重要性，以确保TF-QKD在真实世界量子通信网络中的稳健实用部署。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a leading quantum communication protocol, enabling secure key distribution over unprecedented distances by utilising coherent interference of quantum states. Optical Injection Locking (OIL) architectures have been used to simplify the precise phase and frequency stabilisation required by TF-QKD. In this work, we systematically analyse potential side-channels in OIL-based TF-QKD that can be introduced through the various optical degrees of freedom of the externally injected reference laser. We experimentally demonstrate two realistic attack scenarios: rapid intensity modulation of the reference laser and Trojan-horse signals exploiting wavelengths undetectable by conventional monitoring techniques. To counter these vulnerabilities, we propose straightforward and highly effective countermeasures including high-speed photodiodes for real-time power monitoring and targeted spectral filtering to detect and suppress out-of-band signals. Our experimental results confirm that these practical solutions substantially reinforce the security of TF-QKD systems without significant additional complexity or performance degradation. More broadly, our analysis highlights the critical importance of comprehensive optical monitoring to ensure the robust practical deployment of TF-QKD in real-world quantum communication networks.