标题： 对选择中性假设的渐近正态检验 显示英文标题

标题： An asymptotically normal test for the selective neutrality hypothesis

摘要： 研究种群进化的一个重要参数是$\theta=4N\nu$，其中$N$是有效种群大小，$\nu$是每个位点每代的突变率。因此，$\theta$表示每个位点每代的平均突变数。有许多$\theta$的估计方法，其中之一是成对核苷酸差异的平均数，我们称之为$\mathcal{T}_2$。 其他估计量是$\mathcal{T}_1$，基于分离位点的数量，以及$\mathcal{T}_3$，基于单态位点的数量。 选择中性概念可以解释为当与整体核苷酸分布相比时突变位点的分化核苷酸分布。 Tajima（1989）提出了所谓的 Tajima 的选择中性检验，基于$\mathcal{T}_2-\mathcal{T}_1$。 其复杂的经验行为（Kiihl，2005）促使我们提出一个仅基于$\mathcal{T}_2$的检验统计量。 因此，我们能够通过$U$统计理论在对序列数量和位点数量的不同假设下证明渐近正态性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： An important parameter in the study of population evolution is $\theta=4N\nu$, where $N$ is the effective population size and $\nu$ is the rate of mutation per locus per generation. Therefore, $\theta$ represents the mean number of mutations per site per generation. There are many estimators of $\theta$, one of them being the mean number of pairwise nucleotide differences, which we call $\mathcal{T}_2$. Other estimators are $\mathcal{T}_1$, based on the number of segregating sites and $\mathcal{T}_3$, based on the number of singletons. The concept of selective neutrality can be interpreted as a differentiated nucleotide distribution for mutant sites when compared to the overall nucleotide distribution. Tajima (1989) has proposed the so-called Tajima's test of selective neutrality based on $\mathcal{T}_2-\mathcal{T}_1$. Its complex empirical behavior (Kiihl, 2005) motivates us to propose a test statistic solely based on $\mathcal{T}_2$. We are thus able to prove asymptotic normality under different assumptions on the number of sequences and number of sites via $U$-statistics theory.