标题： 2016年至2021年明尼阿波利斯市按种族划分的警察拦截模式分析 显示英文标题

标题： Characterizing patterns in police stops by race in Minneapolis from 2016-2021

摘要： 乔治·弗洛伊德的谋杀事件将明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市置于美国种族不公正讨论的中心。 我们利用明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯警察局的开放数据，分析自2016年以来超过170,000次警方拦截的个体、地理和时间模式。 我们使用具有社区聚类的广义估计方程，在个体层面根据种族评估人员和车辆搜查，直接解决警察活动中的社区差异。 明尼阿波利斯表现出明显的按种族不成比例的警务模式，其中黑人被搜查的比例高于白人。 时间可视化显示，乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀后警方拦截有所减少。 这项分析为美国一个主要大都会地区的警务现状提供了当代证据。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The murder of George Floyd centered Minneapolis, Minnesota, in conversations on racial injustice in the US. We leverage open data from the Minneapolis Police Department to analyze individual, geographic, and temporal patterns in more than 170,000 police stops since 2016. We evaluate person and vehicle searches at the individual level by race using generalized estimating equations with neighborhood clustering, directly addressing neighborhood differences in police activity. Minneapolis exhibits clear patterns of disproportionate policing by race, wherein Black people are searched at higher rates compared to White people. Temporal visualizations indicate that police stops declined following the murder of George Floyd. This analysis provides contemporary evidence on the state of policing for a major metropolitan area in the United States.