标题： 高红移双类星体 I：24对z ≈ 3-4的新型类星体对 显示英文标题

标题： Binary Quasars at High Redshift I: 24 New Quasar Pairs at z ~ 3-4

摘要： 类星体在小尺度上的聚类对类星体演化和超大质量黑洞的积累模型提出了基本限制。 本文描述了首次系统性的双类星体探测调查。 利用颜色选择和光谱红移技术，我们在SDSS成像数据的8142平方度范围内搜索了双类星体候选体，并通过后续光谱确认。 我们样本中的27个高红移双类星体（其中24个为新发现）位于2.9 < z < 4.3的红移范围内，且具有10 kpc < R_{\perp } < 650 kpc的真实横向分离距离，使此类天体的数量增加了十倍。 该样本中有八个成员是R_{\perp } < 100 kpc的非常接近的双子对，其中这些接近系统的四个位于z > 3.5。 使用模拟测光法量化了我们定义明确的选择算法的完整性和效率，我们发现我们的样本大约有50%的完整性。 我们的后续论文利用这一知识，进行了首次对高红移类星体（R < 1 Mpc/h共动）的小尺度聚类测量。 高红移双类星体构成了两个极端（M >~ 10^9太阳质量）超大质量黑洞的指数级罕见巧合。 在z ~ 4时，每10 Gpc^3约有一个紧密双子，因此这些可能是早期宇宙中最高的σ峰值，即超星团的类似物。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The clustering of quasars on small scales yields fundamental constraints on models of quasar evolution and the buildup of supermassive black holes. This paper describes the first systematic survey to discover high redshift binary quasars. Using color-selection and photometric redshift techniques, we searched 8142 deg^2 of SDSS imaging data for binary quasar candidates, and confirmed them with follow-up spectroscopy. Our sample of 27 high redshift binaries (24 of them new discoveries) at redshifts 2.9 < z < 4.3 with proper transverse separations 10 kpc < R_{\perp} < 650 kpc increases the number of such objects known by an order of magnitude. Eight members of this sample are very close pairs with R_{\perp} < 100 kpc, and of these close systems four are at z > 3.5. The completeness and efficiency of our well-defined selection algorithm are quantified using simulated photometry and we find that our sample is ~ 50% complete. Our companion paper uses this knowledge to make the first measurement of the small scale clustering (R < 1 Mpc/h comoving) of high-redshift quasars. High redshift binaries constitute exponentially rare coincidences of two extreme (M >~ 10^9 Msun) supermassive black holes. At z ~ 4 there is about one close binary per 10 Gpc^3, thus these could be the highest sigma peaks, the analogs of superclusters, in the early Universe.