标题： 测量运行中的固体氧化物电化学电池中的个体过电位 显示英文标题

标题： Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell

摘要： 我们使用光电子作为非接触式探针来测量固体氧化物电化学电池中的局部电势。 我们在接近环境压力的条件下，利用空间分辨X射线光电子能谱对电池进行原位表征。 在Ni和Pt电极与氧化钇稳定氧化锆（YSZ）电解质之间的界面处的过电势被直接测量。 该方法通过电化学阻抗谱进行了验证。 利用表征电池低效性的过电势，我们无歧义地比较了Ni和Pt的电催化效率，发现Ni上H_2O分解比H2氧化进行得更快，而在Pt上H2氧化比H2O分解进行得更快。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly measured. The method is validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Using the overpotentials, which characterize the cell's inefficiencies, we compare without ambiguity the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Ni and Pt, finding that on Ni H_2O splitting proceeds more rapidly than H2 oxidation, while on Pt, H2 oxidation proceeds more rapidly than H2O splitting.