标题： SNS：使用电气散射矩阵的分析接收器分析软件 显示英文标题

标题： SNS: Analytic Receiver Analysis Software Using Electrical Scattering Matrices

摘要： 社交网络系统是一种基于MATLAB的软件库，旨在帮助设计和分析接收机架构。它使用电气散射矩阵和噪声波向量来描述任意拓扑结构和复杂度的接收机架构。与现有免费软件的主要区别在于，用于描述接收机及其组件的散射矩阵是解析的而不是数值的。这使得可以进行不同类型的接收机建模和分析。接收机组件的非理想行为可以在其散射矩阵中参数化。SNS使仪器设计师能够根据参数化的组件缺陷推导出接收机输出端的信号和噪声的解析表达式，并精确预测它们对接收机系统误差的贡献。例如，这可以使仪器设计师识别哪些组件缺陷对接收机系统误差贡献最大，从而对单个组件施加明确的规范。使用SNS进行此分析优于传统的琼斯矩阵分析，因为它包括内部反射并能够建模噪声：这两个效应是琼斯矩阵分析无法描述的。SNS可用于建模任何组件可以用散射矩阵描述的接收机。对于亚毫米波和太赫兹频率范围而言，相干检测技术和直接检测技术之间的选择尤为关键。毫米波和亚毫米波低噪声放大器（LNAs）的持续改进意味着，以LNAs作为第一个有源元件的相干接收机在灵敏度方面正日益在~100 GHz以上的频率上与基于测热计的接收机竞争。作为SNS实用性的示例，我们使用它来比较两种常用于执行偏振宇宙微波背景测量的偏振计架构：差分偏振计，这是一种常用于偏振敏感测热计偏振计的架构；以及伪相关偏振计，这是一种常用于相干、基于LNAs的偏振计的架构。我们在两种架构中参数化常见的接收机系统误差来源，并通过它们的穆勒矩阵进行比较，这些矩阵编码了仪器测量入射辐射的斯托克斯参数的能力。这些解析的穆勒矩阵用于展示差分和相关偏振计中的不同系统误差来源。 显示英文摘要

摘要： SNS is a MATLAB-based software library written to aid in the design and analysis of receiver architectures. It uses electrical scattering matrices and noise wave vectors to describe receiver architectures of arbitrary topology and complexity. It differs from existing freely-available software mainly in that the scattering matrices used to describe the receiver and its components are analytic rather than numeric. This allows different types of modeling and analysis of receivers to be performed. Non-ideal behavior of receiver components can be parameterized in their scattering matrices. SNS enables the instrument designer to then derive analytic expressions for the signal and noise at the receiver outputs in terms of parameterized component imperfections, and predict their contribution to receiver systematic errors precisely. This can drive the receiver design process by, for instance, allowing the instrument designer to identify which component imperfections contribute most to receiver systematic errors, and hence place firm specifications on individual components. Using SNS to perform this analysis is preferable to traditional Jones matrix-based analysis as it includes internal reflections and is able to model noise: two effects which Jones matrix analysis is unable to describe. SNS can be used to model any receiver in which the components can be described by scattering matrices. Of particular interest to the sub-mm and terahertz frequency regime is the choice between coherent and direct detection technologies. Steady improvements in mm and sub-mm Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) mean that coherent receivers with LNAs as their first active element are becoming increasingly competitive, in terms of sensitivity, with bolometer-based receivers at frequencies above ~100 GHz. As an example of the utility of SNS, we use it to compare two polarimeter architectures commonly used to perform measurements of the polarized Cosmic Microwave Background: differencing polarimeters, an architecture commonly used in polarization sensitive bolometer-based polarimeters; and pseudo-correlation polarimeters, an architecture commonly used in coherent, LNA-based, polarimeters. We parameterize common sources of receiver systematic errors in both architectures and compare them through their Mueller matrices, which encode how well the instruments measure the Stokes parameters of the incident radiation. These analytic Mueller matrices are used to demonstrate the different sources of systematic errors in differencing and correlation polarimeters.