标题： 证据的缺失并非等于缺失证据：恒星质量固定的色密度关系持续至 z ~ 1 显示英文标题

标题： Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence of Absence: The Color-Density Relation at Fixed Stellar Mass Persists to z ~ 1

摘要： 我们使用来自DEEP2星系红移巡天的数据，研究了局部星系密度、恒星质量和星系固有颜色之间的关系。 在z ~ 0.9时，我们发现高恒星质量（log (M*/Msun) > 10.1）端的恒星质量函数形状取决于局域环境，高密度区域更倾向于拥有更高质量的系统。 考虑到这种恒星质量-环境关系（即，在固定恒星质量下工作），我们发现在10.6 < log(M*/Msun) < 11.1和0.75 < z < 0.95范围内的星系存在显著的颜色-密度关系。 这一结果显示出对样本选择变化的稳健性，并且可以延伸到更低的质量（低至log(M*/Msun) ~ 10.4）。 我们通过讨论我们的结果与文献中最近的研究进行了比较，这些研究报道了在相同红移和恒星质量范围内，在固定恒星质量下星系性质与环境之间没有显著相关性。 其他数据集中未检测到的环境依赖性主要归因于它们较小的样本量和较低的采样密度，以及诸如不准确的红移和有偏的分析技术等系统效应。 最终，基于DEEP2数据的结果表明，z ~ 1时星系的演化状态并非完全由星系的恒星质量决定。 相反，我们展示了局域环境似乎在z > 1时星系属性的转变中起着独特的作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We use data drawn from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey to investigate the relationship between local galaxy density, stellar mass, and rest-frame galaxy color. At z ~ 0.9, we find that the shape of the stellar mass function at the high-mass (log (M*/Msun) > 10.1) end depends on the local environment, with high-density regions favoring more massive systems. Accounting for this stellar mass-environment relation (i.e., working at fixed stellar mass), we find a significant color-density relation for galaxies with 10.6 < log(M*/Msun) < 11.1 and 0.75 < z < 0.95. This result is shown to be robust to variations in the sample selection and to extend to even lower masses (down to log(M*/Msun) ~ 10.4). We conclude by discussing our results in comparison to recent works in the literature, which report no significant correlation between galaxy properties and environment at fixed stellar mass for the same redshift and stellar mass domain. The non-detection of environmental dependence found in other data sets is largely attributable to their smaller samples size and lower sampling density, as well as systematic effects such as inaccurate redshifts and biased analysis techniques. Ultimately, our results based on DEEP2 data illustrate that the evolutionary state of a galaxy at z ~ 1 is not exclusively determined by the stellar mass of the galaxy. Instead, we show that local environment appears to play a distinct role in the transformation of galaxy properties at z > 1.