标题： 测量的红移不变性光子速度 显示英文标题

标题： Measured redshift invariance of photon velocity

摘要： 我们报告了对河外天体的首次直接光子速度测量。 一种光纤光学、光子飞行时间仪器，优化用于相对较暗的光源（$m 12$），用于测量来自星系和类星体的可见光子的速度。 光速被发现为$3.00\pm0.03\times10^{8} \mathrm{m s}^{-1}$，并在所测红移范围内（$0\leq z\leq1.33$）内保持不变，误差范围内。 此测量结果为爱因斯坦的广义相对论（GR）提供了额外验证，并与弗里德曼-勒梅特-罗伯逊-沃尔克（FLRW）度规以及几种替代宇宙学模型一致，特别是双曲反德西特度规，但与伪欧几里得德西特度规不一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report the first direct photon velocity measurements for extragalactic objects. A fiber-optic, photon time-of-flight instrument, optimized for relatively dim sources ($m 12$), is used to measure the velocity of visible photons emanating from galaxies and quasars. Lightspeed is found to be $3.00\pm0.03\times10^{8} \mathrm{m s}^{-1}$, and is invariant, within experimental error, over the range of redshifts measured ($0\leq z\leq1.33$). This measurement provides additional validation of Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR) and is consistent with the Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metricl, as well as several alternative cosmological models, notably the hyperbolic anti-de Sitter metric, though not with the pseudo-Euclidean de Sitter metric.