标题： 超新星遗迹冲击波中的粒子加速 显示英文标题

标题： Particle acceleration in supernova-remnant shocks

摘要： 人们早已知道，壳层超新星遗迹 (SNRs) 的射电辐射表明存在能产生同步加速辐射的GeV量级能量的电子。 如今，超新星遗迹非热X射线发射的发现已有30年历史，并且将其解释为射电同步加速辐射谱的延伸需要高达100 TeV 能量的电子。 超新星遗迹现在也被探测到具有GeV和TeV光子能量。 存在高能离子存在的强烈迹象，但确凿的证据仍然难以捉摸。 有几个论据表明，超新星遗迹中的磁场比其周围的星际介质中的磁场放大了几个数量级。 因此，超新星遗迹是研究极高马赫数冲击波中发生过程的极佳实验室。 我回顾了超新星遗迹的高能辐射观测及其理论框架，这些观测结果即是在该框架下被解释的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： It has been known for over 50 years that the radio emission from shell supernova remnants (SNRs) indicates the presence of electrons with energies in the GeV range emitting synchrotron radiation. The discovery of nonthermal X-ray emission from supernova remnants is now 30 years old, and its interpretation as the extension of the radio synchrotron spectrum requires electrons with energies of up to 100 TeV. SNRs are now detected at GeV and TeV photon energies as well. Strong suggestions of the presence of energetic ions exist, but conclusive evidence remains elusive. Several arguments suggest that magnetic fields in SNRs are amplified by orders of magnitude from their values in the ambient interstellar medium. Supernova remnants are thus an excellent laboratory in which to study processes taking place in very high Mach-number shocks. I review the observations of high-energy emission from SNRs, and the theoretical framework in which those observations are interpreted.