标题： 部分测量与量子力学反事实的实现 显示英文标题

标题： Partial measurements and the realization of quantum-mechanical counterfactuals

摘要： 我们提出部分测量作为一种概念工具，以理解如何在量子物理中处理反事实陈述。 确实，与标准的冯·诺依曼测量不同，部分测量可以概率性地被逆转。 我们首先分析这一相当不寻常的特性对叠加原理、互补原理以及隐变量问题的影响。 然后我们继续探索非局部情境，通过重新表述EPR悖论、量子隐形传态实验以及纠缠交换协议，以适用于使用部分测量后进行随机逆转的情况。 这导致了一系列反直觉的结果，这些结果在放弃将现实归因于单个量子系统的波函数时得到解决。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We propose partial measurements as a conceptual tool to understand how to operate with counterfactual claims in quantum physics. Indeed, unlike standard von Neumann measurements, partial measurements can be reversed probabilistically. We first analyze the consequences of this rather unusual feature for the principle of superposition, for the complementarity principle, and for the issue of hidden variables. Then we move on to exploring non-local contexts, by reformulating the EPR paradox, the quantum teleportation experiment, and the entanglement-swapping protocol for the situation in which one uses partial measurements followed by their stochastic reversal. This leads to a number of counter-intuitive results, which are shown to be resolved if we give up the the idea of attributing reality to the wavefunction of a single quantum system.